西北青稞条锈菌专化型及对周边小麦种植区条锈病的影响

Hullessbarly is largest area crop in Tibet plateau. The stripe rust is a important disease on Hullessbarly. There are virulenct pathogenes of barly stripe rust contain Puccinia striiformis West.f.sp.tritici in southwest Gansu and aba region of Sichuan in which is close to main over-summer area of wheat stripe rust in China. These pathogenes(Puccinia striiformis West.f.sp.tritici) maybe spread to main over_summer area of wheat stripe rust. So it is essential to research them. forme speciales and different races will be found out by wheat stripe rust differentials and barly stripe rust differentials. We will know virulent races of barly stripe rust in this area. We can identify the races of wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West.f.sp.tritici) and compare the difference of races between southwest Gansu and southeast Gansu. The relationship of wheat stripe rust from the two areaes will be realized by molecular marks of Simple Sequence Repeats,and It will be proved that the influence of wheat stripe rust in southwest Gansu to occurence of disease in Southeast Gansu.These results will be provided to serve for control of disease in Southwest Gansu. We will understand more konwledge about main over_summer area of wheat stripe rust in China.

青稞即裸粒大麦，是我国青藏高原种植的第一大农作物，条锈病是大麦（青稞）上的重要病害。甘肃甘南及相邻四川阿坝等地接壤我国小麦条锈病主要越夏区，初步查明该区域青稞条锈病菌群体毒性复杂，存在小麦专化型，可能与我国小麦条锈病主要越夏区有菌源交流，因此非常有必要开展相应的研究。通过标样系统采集，利用现有的大麦条锈菌鉴别寄主和全国小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主，进行这一区域青稞条锈病菌专化型鉴定和病菌生理分化及致病特性研究，结合病菌毒性类型的致病性测定，明确这一区域青稞条锈病菌毒性群体组成；通过对其中小麦专化型的小种类型鉴定，与小麦条锈病越夏区小种类型进行比较，进而开展两区间小麦条锈病菌群体分子标记分析，确定两区之间菌系的亲缘关系，从而了解青稞条锈病菌对我国小麦条锈病主要越夏区的影响。这将为这一区域青稞条锈病的综合治理提供科学依据，也可对我国小麦条锈病主要越夏区有新的认识。

条锈病是我国大麦和小麦的重要病害，对生产有毁灭性危害。中国西北地区是我国小麦条锈菌最大的越夏区，也是大麦的主产地。为明确大麦条锈菌群体的毒性结构以及与小麦条锈菌的交流程度，本研究对西北地区的条锈病进行病害调查；对生理小种进行小种监测、对西北地区的大麦条锈菌和小麦条锈菌进行毒性测定，致病类群分析、专化型分析，同时对侵染大麦的条锈菌标样进行致病范围测定，进而对大麦条锈菌和小麦条锈菌群体进行毒性结构分析。结果表明，大麦条锈菌与小麦条锈菌的毒性结构有较大差异；但两个专化型之间有毒性交流，G22类群在小麦和大麦条锈菌专化型群体中占第一类群；有10% 的小麦条锈菌能够侵染大麦；部分青稞（裸大麦）主栽品种能同时被大麦条锈菌和小麦条锈菌侵染。结论，西北地区种植的青稞能够作为小麦条锈菌的越夏寄主，青稞种植区可视为小麦条锈菌的越夏区。