As the most diverse collection of natural products known, terpenes are an important resource for the development of novel drugs. Many important clinical drugs are derived from terpenes, such as artemisinin and taxol. Terpene synthases (TPSs) catalyze the biosynthesis of terpene scaffolds. Based on the completed fine genome map of Ganoderma lucidum and G. sinense, a procedure is set up for the identification of TPSs and their products, that is, gene screening, heterologous expression and product assay. Primary results show that many products of Ganoderma lucidum TPSs are never reported before in this species. After collecting the information on product chemodiveristy of all Ganoderma TPSs, the TPSs with high sequence similarity each other and different catalytic products are selected for further study. Firstly, the 3D structures of the selected TPSs are built up by homology molecular modeling and the amino acid residues contacting the substrate are discovered. Secondly, the site-directed mutant of theses residues are carried out and then the products of the mutant enzymes are assayed to explore the molecular and structural basis leading to the product chemodiversity. This work does not only provide an effective way to find undiscovered compounds in many medicinal species, but also lays the foundation for the production of specific terpenes, even “unnatural” terpenes by designing novel TPSs, thus greatly contributing to the drug development based on enzymatic engineering and synthetic biology.
作为结构最丰富的一类天然产物,萜类是新药研发的重要源泉,包括青蒿素、紫杉醇等重磅临床药物都来源于萜类物质。萜类合酶(TPS)是合成萜类骨架的关键酶。在本课题组相继完成的赤芝和紫芝基因组精细图基础上,构建了从基因发现,到异源表达,再到催化产物分析的TPS及其产物的发掘鉴定体系。预实验结果显示赤芝TPS合成的多种萜类产物为首次在该物种中被发现。在获得所有灵芝TPS的产物多样性信息后,选择序列同源性高而产物差别大的TPS作为研究对象,通过三维同源建模发现活性位点附近与底物接触的关键氨基酸,并对其进行定点突变,检测突变酶的产物多样性变化,阐释影响TPS产物多样性和专一性的分子结构基础。本研究不但为中药基源物种中尚未发现的化合物提供了新的发掘途径,而且为通过合理设计改变TPS结构,生产特定的,甚至全新的萜类物质奠定了基础,对基于酶工程和合成生物学技术的药物生产和研发具有巨大的潜在应用价值。
萜类是自然界中结构最丰富的一类天然产物,青蒿素、紫杉醇等重要临床药物都属于萜类化合物,因此萜类是新药研发的重要源泉。萜类合酶是萜类合成途径中的标志酶(Signature Enzyme),负责萜类骨架的合成。本研究在课题组完成的灵芝基因组精细图基础上,通过全基因组搜索发现赤芝(Ganoderma lucidum)含有23个萜类合酶基因,推测赤芝具有合成多种萜类骨架的潜力。通过系统进化分析发现灵芝萜类合酶可以分为5个进化分枝。多重序列比对分析发现,所有灵芝萜类合酶的NES/DET基序都具有高度保守性,而DDXXD基序除在一个进化分支中保守性较差外,在其他4个进化分支中高度保守。分别在大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母表达体系中对所有萜类合酶进行异源表达,利用固相微萃取技术收集挥发性物质,并通过GC-MS对其催化产物进行检测,发现其中16个赤芝萜类合酶具有催化活性,产物数量最少2种,最多可达24种。16个酶共催化合成80种产物,全部为倍半萜类物质,包括25种高丰度产物,其中7种倍半萜烯醇(α-Bisabolol,Patchoulol,β-Patchoulane,Torreyol,α-Cadinol,T-Cadinol,β-Eudesmol)和2种倍半萜烯(β-Elemene,β-Caryophyllen)具有明显的抗癌、抗过敏、抗氧化等药理活性。通过酶的序列比较和产物结构分析对酶的分子催化机制进行研究,发现灵芝萜类合酶的催化过程涉及底物的C1-C6,C1-C10和C1-C11等多种环化模式。环化模式的多样性是灵芝萜类合酶产物多样性的主要原因。本研究通过对灵芝萜类合酶进行活性鉴定,发现多个酶可以催化合成具有显著药理活性的产物,为灵芝的传统药效提供了理论支撑。灵芝萜类合酶的催化机制研究和产物多样性形成机制研究,为通过酶工程技术改良酶的催化活性,生产稀有或新型萜类化合物,进而推动灵芝萜类药物的研发奠定了基础。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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