城镇家庭住房贫困对居民身心健康的影响及内在机理研究

Nowadays the phenomenon of “residential separation” has taken place in medium and mega-cities of China. Regarding urban residents, several housing problems such as unequal distribution of housing ownership and housing unaffordability have deteriorated, thereby hindering urban residents meeting three basic needs of housing (physical, security and psychological) and posing threats to physical and mental health of those people. Yet no comprehensive studies in China have examined the causal relationship between housing poverty and health. Just based on this special background, using panel data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1989-2015, this project first establishes a comprehensive evaluation system of household housing poverty from housing internal environment, housing external environment and housing property. It also investigates possible detrimental effects of household housing poverty on individual physical and mental health via the Grossman health demand model. It is, however, worth highlighting that, virtually no studies have comprehensively explored the underlying pathways through which household housing poverty operates on individual physical and mental health. Thus, this project first propose the conceptual framework of potential mechanisms between two aforementioned factors. Furthermore, drawing on bootstrap-based multiple mediation analysis – one popular technique in psychology and behavioural science, this project pioneering takes a detailed look at the underlying pathways through which household housing poverty works on individual physical and mental health. Therefore, this project will facilitate us to unfold potential mechanisms of household housing poverty to health. Eventually, it will advance the improvement of physical and mental health among urban residents, and lay the scientific foundation for policies aiming at boosting all-round health status.

当今我国大中城市中居住分异现象已经显现，城镇家庭住房占有不均等、住房支付能力不足等有失公平的住房贫困问题广为诟病。这将严重阻碍城镇居民对住房的生理、安全和心理方面三大基本需求的满足，进而对居民身心健康造成极大的负面影响，而国内尚未对这一问题深入探究。基于此社会背景和研究现状，利用1989-2015年中国健康与营养调查面板数据，基于Grossman健康人力资本需求模型，本课题首次综合考虑住房内部环境、外部环境和住房产权，建立城镇家庭住房贫困综合评价指标。深入探讨家庭住房贫困对居民身心健康的潜在负面影响。并首次提出城镇家庭住房贫困对居民身心健康影响机理的理论模型，开创性地采用基于Bootstrap的多元中介分析系统地探讨住房贫困对居民健康的具体作用路径。有助于揭示家庭住房贫困对居民身心健康的内在机理，促进居民生理健康和精神生活双重保障，为制定全面提升城镇居民总体健康水平的政策提供科学支撑。

目前我国城镇家庭住房占有不均等、住房支付能力不足等住房贫困问题广为诟病。这将对居民健康造成潜在的负面影响，而国内尚未对这一问题深入探究。基于此社会背景和研究现状，该项目主要围绕三个方面展开：(1)利用“1991-2015年中国家庭健康与营养调查”数据，分析城镇家庭住房条件和住房产权与居民健康不平等的关系。研究结果发现良好的内部住房条件和外部住房条件如住所周围无排放物均有助于减少收入相关的健康不平等。与无住房产权相比，拥有住房产权加剧了收入相关的健康不平等。因此，改善城镇家庭居住条件可能是改善城镇居民的健康不平等的有效途径之一;(2) 利用“2011-2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)”数据分析我国健康老龄化不同地理区域的时空分布差异及其社会经济影响因素。其研究结果表明我国老年人老龄健康状态有所改善。65岁及以上老年人、男性、居住在中西部地区、吸烟、超重和慢性病不利于健康老龄，这些因素对位于健康老龄得分75%分位处的负向影响更加明显。而已婚和共同居住、高水平教育以及频繁的社会活动参与有助于改善健康老龄。该研究强调健康老龄综合指数是度量我国60岁及以上老年人健康老龄化程度的有效工具之一；(3)同样利用CHARLS数据，分析家庭住房贫困的改善对促进健康老龄的相对贡献。研究结果表明，在这5年间住房质量、住房数量以及住房数量和质量贫困比例均显著下降。其次，家庭住房贫困显著降低健康老龄状况。相较于健康老龄得分低分位数，家庭住房质量贫困对健康老龄的负面影响在健康老龄75%分位处影响更加明显。最后，基于均值的分解结果表明，住房质量贫困、住房数量贫困以及住房数量和住房质量贫困的改善均会促进老年人健康老龄。该研究意味着改善住房贫困，尤其是自来水、冲水式卫生间和独立厨房等住房条件的可及性，将有助于加快健康老龄化进程，对未来改善老年人总体健康状况具有积极影响。