住房自有对城镇居民健康的影响：量化甄别、效应差异及政策含义

Health is the basic element that constitutes the needs of people for a better life, while ‘Health in All Policies’ has been a consensus on policy-making for promoting the ‘Healthy China’ Strategy. The residential, economic and social functions carried by housing make it to be one of social determinants of health, and tenure is the key attribute of housing that determines its health consequences. This grant application aims to conduct an empirical study on the health effects of homeownership in urban China, with the data from several comprehensive social surveys and an independent special survey. Firstly, the overall impact of homeownership on the health outcomes of urban residents will be quantified and the causality will be identified. Then, the detailed pathways through which homeownership affects health will be recognized by examining the hypotheses of condition improvement, social support, asset construction, and mortgage burden. Finally, a targeted examination on three specific groups, elderly population, youth population, and floating population will be conducted to find out the heterogeneity among them. This project not only will enrich the scientific evidence and contribute to theoretical innovation by bringing in the so-called ‘Chinese Story’, but is expected to generate policy implications in a wide range of fields, including health improvement for renters, ‘House-For-Pension’ for the aged, housing support for youth towards health intervention, and health promotion for internal migrants.

健康是构成人民美好生活需要的基本元素，“将健康融入所有政策”是推进健康中国建设的决策共识。本项目从健康社会决定因素理论出发，基于住房所承载的居住、经济和社会功能，瞄准权属这一决定和健康联系的住房关键属性，综合使用多套综合性社会调查数据库并辅以自主专题调查，开展以中国为情境的住房自有健康效应的经验研究。具体地，首先从总体上量化住房自有对城镇居民健康的影响并识别其因果关联；然后通过检验“条件改善”、“社会支持”、“资产建设”和“债务负担”等假说，甄别构成影响机制的具体路径；最后有针对性地考察住房自有的健康效应在老年人口、青年人口和流动人口三类特定群体中的表现及之间的差异。预期成果将有助于实现中国经验研究基础上的证据完善和理论创新，并蕴含广泛而又丰富的政策含义，包括租房群体的健康保障、老龄化时代的“以房养老”、涵盖健康干预考虑的青年住房支持以及流动人口的城市融入和健康提升等。

健康是构成美好生活的基本元素，“将健康融入所有政策”是推进健康中国建设的决策共识。根据健康不平等的根本原因理论，个体健康本质上由其拥有的社会经济资源决定，住房因其承载的居住、经济和社会功能而成为健康的重要社会决定因素之一。本项目旨在对住房自有影响城镇居民健康的效应和机理进行系统性探索，主要研究工作包括：识别驱动住房成为健康重要社会决定因素之一的关键属性；针对住房自有与健康关系悖论，给出制度、市场和文化情境下的合理解释，并聚焦流动人口群体，对悖论现象的产生机理和异质性进行实证检验；围绕降低能源贫困概率和提升金融素养水平两条路径，检验住房自有产生健康效应的机制；实证检验家庭住房自有的不同实态在个体健康回报层面的差异化表现；从宏观视角对城市政府培育和发展住房租赁市场的政策进行量化分析，并综合微观层面的研究发现，凝练和深化本项目的政策价值。本项目所取得的的研究成果，不仅通过贡献以中国为情境的经验证据，丰富和完善了学术界关于住房自有影响健康的理论认知；而且蕴含广泛而又深刻的政策含义，对于将健康后果考量纳入住房政策议程，推动住房、健康、养老、流动人口、家庭能源、家庭金融等领域的政策集成富有启示。