企业开放式创新平台模式与组织特质动态匹配研究 ——适应性结构化理论视角

How to improve enterprise innovation performance through internet-based Open Innovation Platform(OIP) has received considerable attention from both academia and industry. Prior studies have revealed a positive impact of the application of OIP to enterprise innovation performance. However, in practice, many enterprises fail to meet their expectations in implementing OIPs. One of the major reasons that revealed from our field investigation is that enterprises are not familiar with the types of OIPs, which makes them difficult to choose appropriate OIP models to match their organizational characteristics. Therefore, this research proposes to study the dynamic fit between enterprise OIP models and organizational characteristics. Specifically, applying both theory and case study methods, it includes the following three contents.(1) Investigate the dimensions of OIP and summary classifications of OIP models; (2)explore the static fit mechanism between OIP models and organizational characteristics, and the effect of the static fit on innovation performance; and (3)using adaptive structuration theory, explore the mechanism of dynamic interaction process between OIP models and organizational characteristics based on the results of the study of static fit. The innovative points of this research lie in the construction of the classification of OIP models, and the static and dynamic fit models between OIP models and organizational characteristics, which illustrate the fit process and mechanisms from dynamic perspective. This research expands the research perspectives of the implementation of OIP in organizations, and enriches the open innovation theory under networked environment. Moreover, it provides theoretical and practical implications for the implementation process and dynamic selection of OIP in enterprises and its sustained innovation abilities.

如何利用基于互联网的开放式创新平台（OIP）提高企业创新能力已引起学术界和业界的广泛关注。现有研究表明OIP对创新绩效具有正向影响，但企业在实践中仍存在效果不佳的问题，调研显示主要原因是，企业缺乏OIP模式认知，难以选择适合自身的模式。本课题提出企业OIP模式与组织特质动态匹配的科学问题，通过理论与案例研究相结合的方法展开研究。①研究OIP模式分类维度并归纳OIP模式；②研究组织特质、OIP模式的静态匹配及其对创新绩效的影响；③在静态匹配的基础上应用适应性结构化理论，研究OIP模式与组织特质之间的动态作用机制。本课题的创新点在于，构建OIP模式分类模型、OIP模式与组织特质静态与动态匹配模型，并揭示OIP模式与组织特质由静态向动态的匹配过程及规律。本课题拓展了OIP在组织中应用研究的视角，充实了网络环境下的开放式创新理论，并为企业OIP的实施路径、动态选择及持续创新提供理论依据和实践参考。

互联网思维推动了企业开放式创新理念与ICT应用的深度融合，基于互联网的开放式创新平台（OIP）应运而生，代表着企业开放式创新发展的新趋势。伴随OIP的迅速发展和广泛应用，一个亟待解决的问题就是：企业如何在有限的资源条件下，通过高效管理OIP中的用户及其生成内容以促进创新绩效的提升？换言之，企业如何将OIP中重要的创新资源转化为持续的竞争优势？本课题针对企业开放式创新平台创新绩效提升问题，以国内外典型的OIP运营平台为例（星巴克的My Starbucks Idea、海尔众创意与HOPE、众研网等），从OIP用户网络特征（结构特征、关系特征）与用户创新（数量、质量）、OIP中用户及其生成内容对企业创新的贡献、以及和用户创意分享与筛选等三方面展开了系列研究。研究发现：（1）OIP用户关系网络对用户创新存在不同影响路径；（2）OIP用户网络关系特征和结构特征对用户创新存在异质影响效应；（3）OIP创新价值链的有效运行是由系统内影响因素（用户个性化需求、用户奖励水平、用户生成内容以及企业动态能力）相互作用共同决定的；（4）不同维度社会资本（结构、关系和认知维度）对用户创意分享的影响效果不同；（5）创意结构化特征（创意总得分数和创意评论数量）和非结构化特征（创意标题长度、创意文本长度、创意标题情感、创意文本情感和创意评论情感）对创意采纳的影响作用不同。研究成果不仅扩展了相关理论的适用范围，丰富了OIP绩效研究体系，还为企业实施OIP及提高OIP创新绩效提供理论依据。