战略匹配视角下的企业双元创新模式选择机制研究

Ambidextrous Innovation refers to an organization’s behavior of simultaneously engaging in exploratory and exploitative innovation. According to different levels of absolute and relative intensity of exploratory and exploitative innovation, we could categorize ambidextrous innovation modes into four types. One of the tough problems enterprises are faced with is how to make wise choice of ambidextrous innovation modes. From the perspective of strategic fit, we intend to research what kind of ambidextrous innovation mode does the enterprise “is willing” to choose and “is capable of ” implementing, as well as what kind of innovation mode fits with the external environment best. Then we try to figure out the appropriate ambidextrous innovation mode an enterprise “should” choose. We intend to solve the above problems in three steps. First of all, we would delve into the strategic fit between strategic orientation, external environment, the endowments of the enterprise and exploratory and exploitative innovation respectively as well as the relationship between strategic fit and long-term and short-term performance. Second, we would take all the variables incorporated in this project into account and construct a structural equation model (SEM) to figure out the appropriate ambidextrous innovation mode the enterprise should finally choose. Last but not least, we would provide suggestions for enterprises based on our research results. The expected research achievements could complement the extant theoretical and empirical literature on ambidextrous innovation to a great extent. The research results could also be helpful for the entrepreneurs to reconsider and adjust the existing innovation strategies of their enterprise from the perspective of strategic fit, so that they could make wiser choice and steer the enterprise to the right direction.

双元创新是指一个组织同时进行探索型创新与开发型创新的行为。依据探索型创新与开发型创新绝对值和相对量的不同，可以将双元创新划分为四种基本模式。企业面临的重要难题之一就是如何在不同双元创新模式中做出科学的选择。本项目拟基于战略匹配的视角，分别研究企业“希望选择的”、“适合选择的”、“能够实现的”双元创新模式，进而得出企业“应该选择的”双元创新模式。首先，本项目拟分别考察探索型与开发型创新和战略导向、外部环境、企业自身禀赋之间的战略匹配，以及这一匹配关系对长短期绩效的作用；其次，综合考虑上述各类变量，借助结构方程模型探究企业应该选择何种双元创新模式；最后，根据研究成果为企业的双元创新实践提供建议。项目的预期成果可以有力补充双元创新方面的理论和实证研究，还能促使企业家从双元创新和战略匹配视角重新审视和修正既有的创新战略，在激烈竞争中更加睿智地把握企业航向。

企业需要同时进行针对全新领域的探索型创新和针对现有领域的开发型创新以保持长期发展和短期生存。不过，它们在选择双元创新模式时要考虑诸多因素，容易产生各种迟疑和困惑，执行双元创新时又会形成张力或发现与现实需求不一致的问题。基于这样的理论与现实背景，本课题研究了企业如何选择适合自身的双元创新模式这一核心问题。主要研究内容包括：未吸收的组织冗余和已吸收的组织冗余通过先动型和响应型市场导向驱动双元创新的机理；绩效目标导向和学习目标导向在环境宽松度的调节作用下对双元创新模式的影响；内在动机和外在动机在任务复杂性的调节作用下对个体双元创新行为模式的作用；开放度与企业间相互依赖性对双元创新模式的影响；虚假竞争力转型过程中双元创新的作用及适合不同类型企业的双元创新模式；管理层权力、企业生命周期与双元创新模式间的关系；我国传统文化与智慧对本土企业双元创新模式的影响；双元创新模式在平台型企业中的应用。研究得出了一系列结果，主要包括：适中程度的未吸收的组织冗余最能促进探索型创新，先动型市场导向对此起到中介作用；绩效导向对开发型创新有促进作用，学习导向对探索型创新有促进作用，在环境宽松度较高的情况下，前者会被削弱而后者得以加强；开放广度和深度分别对探索型创新和开发型创新具有正向影响，相互依赖性会加强这两种正向作用；内在动机和外在动机分别对个体的探索型创新和开发型创新产生促进作用，任务复杂性可正向调节前者，负向调节后者；管理层权力集中度、管理层持股比重均对开发型创新产生正向影响，却在某种程度上对探索型创新产生负向影响, 而管理层任职时间则对探索型创新产生正向影响。关键数据来源于对企业管理者的访谈和问卷调研，以及档案资料、年报、媒体报道和若干网络资料。课题的研究成果有利于企业明确进行双元创新模式选择时的问题分类、可行方案、所遇瓶颈，并对其应当采用的战略和策略提出了相关建议。