企业经营管理情境中创造性问题解决的原型启发效应及其影响机制

The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the innovation-driven development strategy and stressed to greatly improve the autonomous innovation of enterprises, which is of great practical significance and applied value. However, previous studies explored this issue mostly from the macro-perspective of business management and national policy, and few researches focused on the issue from the macro-perspective and micro-perspective. The present project tends to explore the two crucial factors of enterprise innovation: creativity and enthusiasm, by the way of integrated combination of management and psychology, a breakthrough of pure management. Among the two crucial factors, creativity is correlated with individual ability, and enthusiasm is often affected by enterprise management mechanism, human resource practice and personal working state. Therefore, based on our previous findings about "the prototype elicitation effect of inventional problem solving", the project will take "insight" as an entry point, and attempt to investigate the prototype elicitation effect of creative problem solving in operation and management scenarios by using an integrated paradigm of psychology and management, further identifying its underlying mechanism by which the effect is influenced. In addition, our project tends to develop creative training courses and provide specific management measures for enterprises. Thus, this project is of important theoretical and practical significance for developing individual's creative potential capacity and strengthening enterprise innovation capacity.

党的十八大明确提出创新驱动的发展战略，并强调要大力提升企业的自主创新。因此，研究企业创新具有非常重要的现实意义和应用价值。但是，以往的研究大多是从企业管理和国家宏观政策的角度来进行，而从创造力及其影响机制这种微观与宏观整合的角度来进行研究的比较少。本项目拟突破纯管理学的研究视角，从管理学与心理学整合的视角来研究企业创新的两个关键要素，即创造力和积极性。其中，创造力与能力有关，积极性与企业管理的机制、人力资源实践以及个人的工作状态有关。基于此，本项目主要采用心理学的实验范式，并整合管理学的研究范式，选取国内外创造性研究的最新领域- - "顿悟"为切入点，在项目组前期关于"科学发明创造性问题解决的原型启发理论"的基础上，探讨经营管理情境中创造性问题解决的原型启发效应，并深入探究企业管理情境对原型启发效应的影响机制。在此基础上，开发培训教程和探索出人力资源管理的具体措施，为企业创新提升提供理论依据

党的十八大明确提出创新驱动的发展战略，并强调要大力提升企业的自主创新能力。本研究比较系统的探究了企业经营管理者在解决经营管理问题中的创造性问题，并从企业经营管理者个人状态（动机状态、情绪状态、大脑工作状态）和企业管理环境（企业文化、组织氛围、团队结构、人力资源管理实践）两大方面探讨了经营管理者创造性问题解决的认知过程以及影响因素。验证了有无原型学习、时间压力、情绪、动机内化程度、管理经验、工作环境、领导风格、心理状态等对经营管理情境中创造性问题解决原型启发效应的影响；此外，我们在汽车制造行业中和职业发展问题解决中进一步验证了创造性问题解决得原型启发效应；并编制了多个有效的测量工具。为经营管理者创新能力的提升提供了重要的理论依据；为企业创新人才的人力资源开发、管理方法的制定以及文化、激励约束机制等管理环境的建设提供了重要的理论依据。