高灵敏高选择磁性核壳纳米SERS探针的构筑及其对农药残留的检测研究

The usage of pesticide has been strictly restricted, and these highly noxious chemicals have been widely-spread in the environment and accumulated in organisms. Therefore, it has important academic significance and potential economic value to develop advanced sensor materials and detection technology for ultra-sensitive, rapid, and accurate detection of trace pesticide residues. This project intends to combine the concept of bionic immune and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique by the use of molecular assembly design, molecular synthesis to obtain Au@Fe3O4 core-shell probes; develops the method and principles to modify artificial biomimetic antibody on the nanoparticles surface; assembles the nanocomposite particles SERS probe with both molecular recognition and rapid enrichment abilities; and realizes the high-capacity and high selectivity recognition on specific target pesticide residues molecules. Further, an external magnetic field was applied to reach the quick enrichment and separation of pesticide residues molecules. Taking the advantages of fingerprint characteristics, ultra-sensitive, short detection time of SERS technology, we can achieve fast and accurate detection of trace pesticide residues. Finally, we will explore in the sensitive mechanism of artificial biomimetic antibody material for the highly selective detection of specific pesticide molecules, and optimize the synthesis scheme of artificial biomimetic antibody material. The expected outcomes of this project will provide new ideas and techniques on the ultra-sensitive, rapid and accurate detection of the environmental trace organic pollutants.

面对世界范围内愈来愈低的农药残留限量标准和建立食品安全实时追踪体系的需求，发展超灵敏快速准确的检测痕量农药残留的先进传感材料和检测技术具有重要的学术意义和潜在的经济价值。本项目拟将仿生免疫理念与表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）技术结合起来，运用分子组装设计和分子印记合成等手段，发展在磁芯金壳纳米颗粒表面修饰人工仿生抗体的原理和方法，组装兼有分子识别和快速富集增强能力的纳米复合颗粒SERS探针，达到对特定目标农药残留分子的高容量、高选择性识别。辅以外磁场的作用，达到对农残分子的靶向富集。并且，利用具有指纹特征、超灵敏、检测时间短等特点的SERS技术实现对痕量农残分子的快速准确检测。最后，探索通过人工仿生抗体材料层的改变实现对环境中特定农药分子高选择性检测的敏感机制。本项目的预期成果，将为环境中痕量有机污染物的超灵敏、快速准确检测提供新的思路和技术可能。

当今，农药残留、饮料色素、有机污染物、人尿中毒品是自然环境、食品安全和人类健康面临的严峻挑战之一。随着人们对生活质量要求的越来越高，建立安全追踪和环境实时监控与治理体系的呼声越发高涨。因此，发展超灵敏快速检测痕量农药残留、有机污染物、人尿中毒品的先进检测技术具有重要的学术意义和潜在的应用价值，对生态环境保护、临床中毒症状诊断、保障人类健康具有十分重要意义。本项目设计、合成及组装了兼有分子识别性能的不同形貌结构的Ag、Au纳米材料（颗粒、棒、线和阵列）及Ag/Au核壳式结构材料，并以此作为表面增强拉曼光谱（Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy，SERS）SERS基底，对农药残留、饮料色素和人尿中毒品检测，表现出强的拉曼增强信号，高的检测重现性。从而实现了对特定目标农药残留分子、饮料色素分子和人尿中毒品的高容量、超灵敏的快速准确检测，建立了一种对痕量农残分子、饮料色素分子和人尿中毒品的快速准确检测的SERS技术。本课题同时研究了Ag纳米复合物SERS基底对染料分子的光催化降解，利用SERS光谱原位检测光催化过程，发现其具有良好的催化效果，建立了一种检测光催化降解有机污染物过程的SERS动态分析技术；利用静电吸附作用将金纳米颗粒修饰到银纳米线上制备出银纳米线/金颗粒杂化结构基底，并开展催化性能和催化反应监测的研究，这种单根Ag/Au核壳式结构的SERS基底具有极高的灵敏性、均一性和稳定性。以上发展的超灵敏、快速准确的检测痕量农药残留、饮料色素、人尿中毒品和光催化降解的先进传感材料和检测技术，具有重要的学术意义和潜在的经济价值。