特殊地区高速铁路风致行车灾变控制准则、指挥预警机理及报警控制可靠性研究

With the rapidly expansion of high-speed railway net, developing high-speed railway in coastal region and complicated difficult mountainous areas is the primary trend in the future. The wind warning system is an important measurement to guarantee the safety and less delay of high-speed train. Firstly, the effect of aerodynamic admittance of the moving vehicle is investigated. The refined coupling dynamic analysis model of wind-vehicle-line(bridge) system is developed, and the method of statistics and evaluation of vehicle dynamic response is improved. Then, on the basis of determining the wind characteristics in the two special regions, the wind load on vehicle is studied to determine the wind-induced catastrophic control criteria for some special railway sections such as railway with wind barriers, bridge-tunnel connection section, cutting-road connection section, cutting-bridge connection section, embankment-bridge connection section, and curve railway. Further, the measuring point position along the high-speed railway is optimized for the special region, and the reasonable position of monitoring point in the cross section of railway is determined. Considering the multiple measurement points and regional measurement point along railway, the wind speed prediction method is presented. The warning model and the method of warning control will be improved to increase the reliability, and the software simulation platform of wind warning system is developed. Finally, the analysis methods of risk assessment and reliability for wind warning system will be presented to explore the weakness of wind warning system and the corresponding improvement measurement. The expected research achievements should have both academic and practical value.

随着高速铁路网的快速扩展，在沿海地区和艰险山区修建高速铁路是未来的发展趋势，设置大风预警系统是高速列车运营安全及正点运行的重要保证。首先，考虑运动车辆气动导纳的影响，发展精细化的风、车、线（桥）耦合动力分析模型，完善车辆动力响应的极值统计与评价方法。然后，对于沿海地区和艰险山区高速铁路，在明确这两类特殊地区风环境特性的基础上，研究防风措施、桥隧相连、堑路相连、堑桥相连、堤桥相连及弯道超高等特殊路段的车辆风荷载，明确其对高速铁路风致行车灾变控制准则的影响。接着，优化特殊地区高速铁路大风监测系统沿线测点位置，并确定风速监测点在线路横断面中的合理位置，提出综合考虑沿线多测点及区域测点的风速预测方法，完善预警模型及报警控制方法，提高其可靠性，并开发大风预警模拟软件平台。最后，发展大风预警系统风险评估和可靠性分析方法，明确大风预警系统的薄弱环节，提出改进措施。预期研究成果兼具学术意义和实用价值。

本研究主要针对特殊地区高速铁路风致行车灾变控制准则、指挥预警机理及报警控制可靠性，取得的主要成果包括：1）提出了定常与非定常脉动风速场的模拟方法和移动列车脉动风谱的计算方法、研制了一套移动车辆模型风洞试验装置，发展了列车的气动导纳识别方法。结合虚拟激励法和自适应高斯积分技术，对车-桥耦合系统进行了随机振动分析，分别采用重点抽样法和分片子集抽样法研究了车桥动力系统的时变可靠度。2）针对沿海地区跨海大桥，测试了设置风屏障前后桥面的局部流场结构和车辆气动特性、考查了风屏障对大跨度桥梁抗风性的影响。开展了风屏障足尺模型风洞试验，明确了风屏障的防风范围，侧向力及倾覆力矩的等效原则。提出了风屏障优化的数据包络方法和代理模型方法，结合遗传算法，对风屏障进行了多目标优化。提出了沿海地区大跨度桥梁的行车抗风准则。3）对艰险复杂地形地貌桥址区进行了现场实测，分析了桥位处的平均风速与温度、日照及地形地貌等的相关性。基于多体动力学刚柔耦合方法，建立曲线桥梁的风-车-桥耦合振动模型，针对直线和曲线桥梁模型，对不同因素的风-车-桥系统进行了分析。分析了多线合一的高速铁路大跨度桥梁在双车交会和列车过桥塔的动力响应。针对不同的线路过渡形式进行了数值模拟和风洞试验，考查了线路过渡区域的列车风荷载与流场分布。提出了山区大跨度桥梁的行车抗风准则。4）针对具有代表性路段，综合优化了高铁沿线测风站，以海东线基础，提供风速测站的布置建议，为大风测站优化布网提供依据。通过数值模拟，研究了高铁沿线不同路况在有、无防风设施条件下附近的流场分布情况，确定了各路况风速测站合理位置。5）通过分析聚类方法DBSCAN、小波包分解法WPD、经验值分解EMD和神经网络等方法的优缺点，对大风预测模型进行了优化，构建了大风预测的超短时和短时组合预测模型。基于分解方法，特征选择和误差补偿，提出了一种集合经验模态分解，K-L散度，能量法和LSSVM-GRCH的短时风速预测方法。构建了不同大风预警等级下的调度优化最优策略，构建了调度系统与大风预警系统耦合情况下的可靠性模型。研究成果兼具学术意义和实用价值。