基于单谱图像和多光谱信息复合的空中弱目标识别方法研究

Under conditions of existing baits and false targets, the traditional single spectral imaging-based recognition methods cannot recognize dim targets effectively, while the hyperspectral imaging-based recognition methods also have some drawbacks, such as they need to process a huge data but only a few data is effective. Consequently, a method based on single spectral image and multi-spectral information fusion is studied to recognize dim air targets, which provides a theoretical method and a key technical support for developing dim target recognition system in precision-guided weapon. Firstly, background suppression and image segmentation algorithm are used for targets preliminary detection and some interesting regions extraction. Secondly, spectral features matching algorithm in the interesting regions is studied for target recognition. Before features matching, baseline correction algorithm and spectral features extraction algorithm are proposed to extract invariant spectral features, and the feature descriptor is constructed for matching. Then in order to improve the reliability and real-time, a strategy of double feature dictionaries synchronously learning and a sparse coding strategy based on double features fusion are proposed for spectral feature matching. Lastly, the targets can be recognized by combined the results of single spectral imaging-based preliminary detection and spectral feature matching.

在存在诱饵、干扰等情况下，传统的利用单谱图像的识别方法难以识别目标，而基于多光谱成像的识别方法又存在数据处理量大和利用率低等缺点。鉴于此，本项目以空中弱目标为研究对象，研究一种基于单谱图像和多光谱信息复合的目标识别方法，为我国研制精确制导武器的弱探测性目标识别系统提供理论方法和关键技术支持。首先，利用背景抑制和图像分割的方法对单谱图像进行初检测，从而提取出感兴趣区域。然后，对感兴趣区域的光谱信息进行特征匹配。为了提取光谱的不变特征，研究了光谱基线校正及光谱特征提取算法，并构建光谱特征描述子；另外，为了提高目标识别的可靠性和实时性，提出了双特征字典同步离线学习方法和双特征融合稀疏编码策略用于光谱特征匹配。最后，结合单谱图像初检测的位置信息和光谱匹配结果进行目标识别定位。

在存在诱饵、干扰等情况下，传统的利用单谱图像的识别方法难以识别目标，而基于多光谱成像的识别方法又存在数据处理量大和利用率低等缺点，因此，研究一种基于单谱图像和多光谱信息复合的目标识别方法具有重要的意义。本项目的研究内容主要包括：光谱数据库的建立、光谱信号校正方法、及空中弱目标检测识别方法。本项目完成了基于单谱图像和多光谱信息复合的空中弱目标识别方法的研究。研究结果表明，单谱图像和多光谱信息复合的方法可以有效解决存在诱饵、干扰情况下的空中弱目标的检测识别问题。本项目的研究，可为我国研制能识别和打击弱可探测目标的精确制导武器系统提供理论方法和关键技术支持。