鲤科鱼类低氧适应性进化的分子遗传机制

The metazon must maintain oxygen homeostasis in the whole life due to the critical role of oxygen. Hypoxic adaptation is one of the major seletion presures in biological evolution. Compared with land environment, the oxygen concentration vary greatly in water environment. Thus, for fishes, hypoxia adaptation is much more important for their speciation and species differentiation. In this study, we propose to take advange of Cyprinidae fishes distributed in China for the studies of hypoxic adaptive evolution. We will construct the gene regulation networks of hypoxic adaptation, screen and identify the key genes in these networks, analyze the biological function of these genes and their regulatory role in hypoxic signaling pathway. Based on these data, we try to demonstrate the molecular genetic mechanisms of fishes in hypoxic adaptive evolution in order to provide some clues for revealing the mechanisms of Cyprinidae speciation and species differentiation.

由于氧的重要作用，后生动物在整个生命活动中必需维持氧稳态。对低氧的适应是生物进化的重要选择压力之一。与陆生环境相比，水环境中溶氧变化更大，因此，对于终生生活于水体的鱼类，低氧适应对其物种形成和分化更为重要。本项目拟以在我国广泛分布、对低氧适应性存在极为显著差异的鲤科鱼类为研究对象，利用转录组学、蛋白组学技术，构建鲤科鱼类低氧适应性基因调控网络，筛选和鉴定鲤科鱼类低氧适应性关键节点基因，系统分析这些关键节点基因的生物学功能以及它们对低氧信号传导途径的调控作用，阐明鲤科鱼类低氧适应性进化的分子遗传机制，为最终揭示鲤科鱼类物种形成和物种分化的机制提供有益的线索。

本项目拟以在我国广泛分布、对低氧适应性存在极为显著差异的鲤科鱼类为研究对象，构建鲤科鱼类低氧适应性基因调控网络，筛选和鉴定鲤科鱼类低氧适应性关键节点基因，系统分析这些关键节点基因的生物学功能以及它们对低氧信号传导途径的调控作用，阐明鲤科鱼类低氧适应性进化的分子遗传机制。经过3年的工作，已完成研究任务，达到研究目标，取得的主要结果为：构建了鲤科鱼类低氧适应的基因调控网络；通过比较分析鲫和团头鲂，齐口裂腹鱼和青海湖裸鲤的转录组，初步弄清了它们低氧适应基因调控网络间的差异；筛选到鲤科鱼类低氧适应基因调控网络的关键节点基因，如：set9, tet1, fih, foxo3b, hif-3a, sirt5, sirt3, smyd3等，阐明了它们的功能；初步诠释了鲤科鱼类低氧适应性进化的分子遗传机制。