氟聚物基活性材料冲击/爆燃耦合毁伤机理研究

Due to a single kinetic energy impact damage mechanism of the inert metal kill element, power of the conventional ammunitions/ warheads is severely restricted. Thus, a novel technique is proposed to achieve high damage to the targets by combined damage of kinetic energy and chemical energy of the reactive kill element. A scientific investigation on this technique will be intensively studied in this project. Research on impact/deflagration coupled damage mechanism of the fluoropolymer-based reactive materials is carried out. Hopkinson bar tests and ballistic impact experiments are conducted to investigate response behavior of the reactive materials under different strain rates. Moreover, based on experimental result analysis, impact-induced initiation criterion of the fluoropolymer-based reactive materials is presented. Combining the sealed chamber tests, the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation, mathematical model between the projectile/ target parameters and the behind-plate overpressure is also established. Impact-induced deflagration reaction behavior of the reactive fragment is revealed. Finally, ballistic impact experiments are performed to investigate the damage effects of the behind target impacted by reactive fragment. In addition, combining theoretical analysis of the behind-plate debris and deflagration behavior of the reactive materials, mathematical model is presented to describing influences of the chemical energy and the kinetic energy of reactive fragment on the damage effects. Impact/ deflagration coupled damage mechanism of the fluoropolymer-based reactive material is then revealed. The results would provide a useful and valuable guide for the militarization application of reactive materials and the power improvement of reactive fragment warhead.

受惰性金属毁伤元单一动能碰撞毁伤机理局限，常规弹药战斗部威力发挥受到严重制约。据此，提出了依靠活性毁伤元动能和化学能联合作用实现对目标高效毁伤的新技术。本项目紧密围绕这一新技术中的科学问题，针对氟聚物基活性材料冲击/爆燃耦合毁伤机理问题开展研究。进行活性材料霍普金森杆试验和活性破片弹道碰撞实验，研究活性材料在不同应变率下的响应行为，并基于实验结果分析提出氟聚物基活性材料冲击激活判定准则；通过密闭容器瞬态压力测试、破片碰靶理论和数值仿真分析，建立弹靶作用参数与靶后内爆超压之间的数学模型，从机理上揭示冲击引发爆燃反应行为；进行活性破片靶后毁伤效应弹道碰撞实验，并结合靶后二次碎片相关理论和活性破片爆燃反应特性，建立毁伤效应与活性破片动能和化学能之间的数学模型，揭示氟聚物基活性材料冲击/爆燃耦合毁伤机理。研究成果对活性材料军事化应用以及活性破片战斗部威力提升有着重要的理论意义和参考价值。

依靠活性材料动能和化学能联合作用实现对目标的高效毁伤，是实现常规弹药战斗部对目标“一击必毁”的重要技术手段。本项目针对活性材料破片冲击/爆燃耦合毁伤机理开展研究。主要研究内容包括：（1）建立了PTFE/Al/W活性材料动力学行为二维仿真分析模型，通过ANSYS参数化设计实现了试样中金属颗粒的随机分布。数值模拟结果表明，PTFE基体的局部变形、变形轮廓和裂纹分布受钨粒径和颗粒分布的影响显著；此外，随着加载应变速率的降低，初始裂纹生成时间逐渐延迟，PTFE基体变形严重程度呈下降趋势。（2）探究了PTFE/Al/W活性材料在不同应变率下的响应行为。结果表明，当应变率较低时，复合材料试样在加载过程仅呈现出力学响应行为；随着应变率的增大，复合材料试样还将被激活发生化学反应，释放出化学能，具体表现为发光、发热、爆燃或爆炸。试样在超高应变率作用下可划分为激活区域、碎裂区域和残余完整试样等三个部分，试样化学反应的强度取决于激活区域的范围，而试样穿靶后的侵彻能力则取决于试样碎裂区域范围和残余试样质量。（3）基于化学反应分析和一维冲击波理论，分析了PTFE/Al/W活性材料破片引起的靶后超压效应。在活性材料破片贯穿靶板的前提下，应尽可能增加释放的靶后能量，以增强超压效果，从而实现对靶后目标的高效毁伤。基于靶后超压实验数据，利用二元二次多项式拟合得到了活性材料穿靶后质量损失的工程模型。（4）分析了活性材料破片相对于惰性金属破片碰撞满油油箱的引燃增强行为。结果表明，活性破片在碰撞油箱结构过程中被激活发生化学反应，很可能增强了对油箱结构的破坏程度，有利于燃油的泄漏、喷溅和雾化效应；而且，化学反应产生的大量火焰持续时间长、扩展范围广，为成功引燃燃油提供了可靠的点火源。项目研究成果可为活性材料的力学性能增强和毁伤评估优化提供理论参考。