舰舷液舱防御爆炸冲击波和高速破片群耦合毁伤机理研究

Liquid cabins of vessels perform as body armors of a chip, which can defend against the high-pressure shock wave as well as absorb the high-speed fragments. The vitality and combat capability of vessels can be enhanced by setting the safety liquid cabins properly. The anti-ship missile is one of the main weapons attacking ships, the synthetic effect produced by the high-pressure shock wave and high-speed fragments when missiles exploded will cause more severe damage than that caused by a single attack power or a simple superposition of attack power. During the striking process, the high-speed fragments will create honeycomb-like perforations on the outside plate of liquid tank, which makes it easier for the high-pressure shock wave to penetrate the outside plate, thus creating serious damage on protective liquid tank and ship. It is obvious that the synthetic effect of shock wave and high-speed fragments is more powerful than the solo attack. Hence, it is very important to study the defense mechanism of the broadside tank of ships subjected to the synthetic damage of shock wave and high-speed fragments. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and model experiments are implemented to study the synthetic effect of shock wave and high-speed fragments. The damage properties of the outside plate of the liquid tank, the response of the inner plate of liquid tank and the influence of liquid during the penetration are discussed in details. The main purpose of this study is to explore the defense mechanism of liquid tank and provide theoretical basis for practical design of liquid tank.

防护液舱犹如舰船的“防弹衣”，能有效防御爆炸冲击波和吸收高速破片群。科学合理地设置防护液舱可大幅提升舰船的生命力。反舰导弹战斗部爆炸时产生的高压冲击波和高速破片群所带来的耦合毁伤破坏效应，比单一攻击威力、双者简单叠加攻击威力均要大。当前，在液舱防御机理研究时载荷多集中在破片或冲击波单一打击，对于多发破片联合打击及破片群与爆炸冲击波耦合打击研究甚少。本项目开展高速破片群穿甲爆炸冲击波预损伤背液板、前液板的侵彻机理研究，高速破片群在液体中产生的冲击波、水垂和射流特性研究，爆炸冲击波作用下破片群预损伤背液板、前液板的毁伤机理研究，爆炸冲击波作用下液体中冲击波和空穴的特性研究。该项目旨在建立爆炸冲击波和高速破片群耦合打击液舱力学模型，以揭示爆炸冲击波和高速破片群耦合打击下液舱的毁伤机理，并构建液舱防御爆炸冲击波和高速破片群耦合打击能力的评估方法，从而为液舱设计提供理论依据。

反舰武器战斗部爆炸后形成爆炸冲击波和高速破片群对结构、设备和人员的耦合毁伤比冲击波或破片单一毁伤严重。本项目以构建液舱防御爆炸冲击波和高速破片群耦合打击能力的评估方法为目标，对爆炸冲击波与高速破片耦合作用下液舱的动态响应进行研究，对破片和TNT分别作用于液舱结构进行了实验研究，并验证其数值仿真方法的准确性。用数值仿真研究破片群对液舱的侵彻效应，以及爆炸冲击波作用于预穿孔液舱下的动态响应，在此基础上，进一步研究TNT和破片耦合作用下液舱的动态响应。研究得到以下几点结论：. (1) 多发破片侵彻液舱过程中破片各自产生冲击波彼此相遇后形成叠加冲击波，叠加冲击波的传播速度明显高于初始冲击波，其波头与初始冲击波之间距离不断减小并超越初始波头。.(2) 在速度较低时，随着单板中心穿甲区域变形和Mises应力变大，弹体侵彻靶板后的剩余速度越大，靶板抵抗弹体侵彻能力越差。但随着初速度的提高，其影响逐渐减小。由于液舱外板变形主要受水压力和反射冲击波的影响，液舱外板的预变形越大，受到水压力与反射冲击波的面积越大，导致液舱外板变形越大，对于液舱内板变形影响较小。. (3) 在爆炸冲击波载荷作用下，有预开孔的液舱结构毁伤明显较于完整板的液舱严重。对于液舱内板变形来说，菱形孔板变形最小，圆形孔次之，十字孔板最大；对于液舱外板变形来说，十字形孔板最小，菱形孔板最大；对于不同数量的开孔液舱内板，开孔在壁板中央比开孔在其他位置对液舱外板的损伤变形影响更大。.(4) 将TNT同球型破片同时作用于液舱结构上时，结构的损伤程度明显增加。在一定范围内，预制破片速度越大，液舱内板变形最大挠度越小，液舱外板最大挠度越大，说明爆炸源的能量越强，液舱结构最后一道壁板会承受更大的载荷。在一定范围内不同预制破片个数、不同破片速度等因素对液舱结构响应的影响，冲击波与破片耦合作用在液舱结构的毁伤效果远大于冲击波单独作用。