侵爆耦合作用下功能梯度水泥基复合材料的毁伤机理及设计原理

It is important to increase the survival and defense capabilities of military conctructions in the modern high-tech wars. How to resist the huge coupled power of penetration and explosion by advanced earth penetration weapon is a major problem for defensive engineering. The quantitative relationship between the composition and structure of defensive engineering materials and the coupling effects of penetration and explosion is the key issue of materials design. The damage mechanism of functionally graded cementitious composite (FGCC) subjected to coupled actions of penetration and explosion will be researched in this project. The design theory and calculation method will be proposed. The composition and structure of FGCC will be designed according to the complex failure modes of materials subjected to coupled actions of penetration and explosion. The penetration depth, the size of explosion crater and the scrabbing will be reduced obviously by the projectile deflection of anti-penetration layer， the wave absorption and attenuation of anti-explosion layer and the crack and spall resistance of surface layer. Several methods will be used to do the coupling experiments of penetration and explosion on FGCC according to the destruction modes and power of typical earth penetration weapons. The quantitative relationship between the graded varieties of material properties and the resistance to penetration and explosion will be acquired and the calculation equation of material coupling effect of penetration and explosion will be proposed. The process of FGCC subjected to penetration and explosion will be simulated by the nonlinear finite element method and the damage constitutive model of FGCC will be proposed. The design method of FGCC against penetration and explosion will be founded.

现代高科技战争条件下，提高军事工程生存防御能力至关重要。如何抵抗先进钻地武器侵彻和爆炸耦合破坏的巨大威力，是防护工程面临的重大难题，防护工程材料组成结构与其侵彻爆炸耦合毁伤效应的定量关系是进行材料设计的关键问题。本项目拟研究侵彻和爆炸协同作用下功能梯度水泥基复合材料（FGCC）的毁伤机理，提出抗侵爆耦合FGCC设计理论和计算方法。根据侵爆耦合作用下材料复杂破坏形式，分层设计FGCC的组成和结构，通过抗钻层的弹体偏转作用、抗爆层的吸波和衰减作用以及表面层的阻裂和防塌作用，达到显著降低侵彻深度、减少爆坑尺寸和避免震塌破坏的目的。针对典型钻地弹的破坏形式和威力，采用多种方法进行FGCC侵彻和爆炸耦合试验，获得材料性能梯度变化与其抗侵爆能力的定量关系，建立材料侵爆耦合效应计算方程。采用非线性有限元法模拟FGCC侵爆耦合破坏过程，建立含损伤变量的FGCC本构模型，提出FGCC抗侵爆耦合设计方法。

先进钻地武器的战斗部具有先侵彻后爆炸的双重打击特征，如何抵抗先进钻地弹侵彻爆炸耦合破坏的巨大威力，是混凝土防护工程面临的迫切难题。功能梯度水泥基复合材料（FGCC）具有抗侵彻、抗爆炸的优异性能，采用功能梯度结构设计的防护工程可以发挥抵抗大型钻地武器的功效。.本项目在超高性能水泥基复合材料研究基础上制备出了功能梯度水泥基复合材料，根据侵爆耦合作用下混凝土的破坏规律，分层设计FGCC组成和结构，系统研究了材料组成和制备工艺对 FGCC力学性能和界面粘结性能的影响规律，提出了抗侵彻爆炸功能梯度水泥基复合材料的制备方法。.采用不同方法进行了FGCC抗侵彻和爆炸耦合试验，研究了不同材料组成靶体的侵彻深度、爆坑尺寸、弹体偏转和破坏、靶体损伤和破坏面积等特征参数，获得了材料性能与其抗侵彻爆炸能力的定量关系，在实验基础上提出了FGCC抗侵彻爆炸计算公式。结果表明通过阻裂层、抗钻层和防塌层构成的FGCC结构具有优异的抗侵彻爆炸性能。与普通混凝土和超高性能混凝土相比，FGCC具有显著降低侵彻深度、减小毁伤面积、吸收爆炸冲击波、抑制混凝土剥落开裂的优势。.采用光滑粒子方法（SPH）模拟了侵彻爆炸下FGCC 的动态破坏过程，优选出子弹、炸药、混凝土和陶瓷材料模型及状态方程（Johnson-Cook模型、RHT模型、von Mises模型、JWL方程、Palpha方程、shock方程等），将第一次侵彻损伤引入到后续材料内部的爆炸模拟中，通过比较模拟和实测结果确定了SPH模型各项参数的具体数值。采用优化的SPH模型进行了BLU-122型钻地弹侵彻爆炸破坏模拟。模拟结果表明FGCC靶体毁伤深度最小，抗侵彻爆炸性能优于UHPC靶体和普通混凝土靶体。功能梯度防护结构的抗钻层吸收了大量钻地弹破坏能量，体现了优异的抗钻地弹能力。.本项目研究提出了功能梯度水泥基复合材料的设计及制备方法、侵彻爆炸计算模型及实际钻地弹的SPH模拟方法。研究成果在国防工程、重大设施防护、反恐等领域有广泛的应用前景。