活性材料冲击/爆燃一体化材料模型二次开发研究

In view of the large size and low lethality efficiency for traditional anti-hard target ammunition, a unitary demolition warhead is proposed to produce penetration/explosion effects by two-stage tandem warhead. The core of this technology is researching the mechanism of formation for reactive materials penetrator, so that we can increase the amount of reactive materials detonating inside the target and create more damage. This work focuses on the general scientific questions included in this new technology. The mechanical response behavior and energy release characteristics of reactive materials are investigated by SHPB and closed bomb tests, so that the EOS and strength model for them are developed. Based on ANSYS nonlinear dynamics code, this project intends to develop a unitary material model of penetration/explosion for reactive materials, giving solution to the numerical simulation of reactive materials. The energy released out of the target during the formation of reactive penetrator is quantitatively researched by the method of numerical simulation, and the influence of size of reactive liner, self-delay of reactive materials, stand-offs on the deflagration behavior of reactive penetrator out of target are investigated, so that the formation and damage mechanism of reactive penetrator are obtained. The results are of important theoretical significance and reference value to enhance the lethality of shaped charge with reactive materials liner.

针对传统反硬目标弹药结构尺寸大、毁伤效能低等问题，提出了采用活性材料药型罩聚能装药结构实现两级串联战斗部的破/爆效应的技术。该技术的核心是研究活性聚能侵彻体成形机理，使尽可能多的活性材料在目标内部发生爆燃反应，从而达到高效毁伤的目的。本项目紧紧围绕这一新技术中所包含的一般科学问题，通过霍普金森杆与密闭爆发器等相关试验，研究强动态载荷作用下活性材料力学响应行为与释能特性，建立活性材料状态方程与强度模型；基于ANSYS非线性动力学软件平台，开发活性材料冲击/爆燃一体化材料模型，解决活性材料数值模拟技术难题；采用数值模拟的方法对活性聚能侵彻体成形过程中在目标外部释放的能量进行定量研究，获得活性材料药型罩尺寸、弛豫时间、炸高等参数对活性聚能侵彻体在目标外部发生爆燃反应的影响规律，从而揭示活性聚能侵彻体成形与毁伤机理，研究成果对于提高活性材料药型罩聚能装药结构的毁伤威力具有重要的理论意义与参考价值。

对活性毁伤元在强动态载荷作用下爆燃反应的实时定量分析是提高其毁伤威力的基础。然而，由于撞击、爆炸等强动态物理过程是一个几何、材料和边界条件均为非线性的强流固耦合问题，涉及高速、高压、高温条件下气体和固体等多种介质及力、热、化等多物理场的相互耦合作用，这使得理论和实验研究遇到相当大的困难，而数值模拟则逐渐成为定量研究爆炸与冲击问题的重要手段之一。然而由于活性材料在撞击过程中点火条件的复杂性与爆燃反应的非自持传播特性，传统的点火增长模型（Lee-Tarver模型）很难对活性毁伤元在强动态载荷作用下的释能行为进行有效地模拟。因此，目前在国内外尚未见关于活性材料数值模拟的成熟报道。本项目紧紧围绕活性毁伤元的数值模拟问题开展研究，首先通过活性材料静态与动态力学性能试验，标定了Al/PTFE活性材料的Johnson-Cook强度模型、Shock冲击状态方程及点火阈值参数，通过密闭爆发器试验标定了其点火增长模型参数；然后基于Autodyn软件二次开发平台，编写了适用于活性材料的状态方程、点火模型及整体反应度计算子程序，实现了对活性聚能侵彻体成形行为及其毁伤效应的数值模拟；最后完成了对活性聚能侵彻体成形过程中爆燃反应的定量分析，研究了活性材料药型罩锥角、壁厚与炸高等参数对混凝土结构靶毁伤效应的影响规律，为提高其毁伤威力提供理论支撑与技术指导。