基于城市通行空间信息的商服设施位址服务特征评估方法

The characteristic assessment of location and its service impact of urban commercial service facilities is an important scientific issue concerned in location business intelligence and spatial information service area, and has important application values in rational distribution, service efficiency improvement, location optimization and commercial analysis decision of various types of facilities. Few of existing assessment methods using road networks as transit frameworks takes characteristics of urban transit into account, which seriously limits the accuracy of quantitative assessment. This project on the basis of analysis on the correlation and its mechanisms between urban commercial service facility pattern and several elements such as population, transportation and society, explores a method for the characteristic assessment of location and its service impact, which is based on urban transitable space information, supported by commercial location theory and spatial econometric methods, and is with the methodology of GIS spatial analysis technique. First, in order to express and analyze features of spatial location accurately, a full expression of urban transitable space is implemented according to characteristics of urban transit, combining with other information such as road networks, exterior open space and travel characteristics inside facilities, and is used to solve key problems like path analysis under complex transportation pattern. Second, an index system for assessing the characteristic of location and its service impact of urban commercial service facilities is designed, which is relatively comprehensive and is able to meet various requirements. Utilizing this index system, research on the evaluation model and technical method is carried out, applying urban residents travel characteristics model, traffic flow model, consumer space-time distribution model and related theoretical method of social physics, focusing on such aspects as spatial characteristics of commercial service facility pattern, accessibility of facilities, characteristics of gathering consumers, spatial influence and interaction. Third, for realistic application, models of consumer space-time distribution analysis and applied decision such as scenario simulation, facility service efficiency assessment, branch network siting decision, opportunity place analysis and business opportunities assessment, are researched and designed. The verification of methods in this project and applied demonstration researches are also operated taking example for leisure industry in Nanjing.

城市商服设施位址服务特征评估，是商业地理智能和空间信息服务领域关注的重要科学问题，对各类设施的合理布局、服务效率提升、区位优选、商业分析决策有重要应用价值。现有以道路网络为通行骨架的评估方法，很少顾及城市通行特点，严重制约定量评估的准确性。本项目在分析城市商服设施格局与人口、交通等要素相互关系及作用机制的基础上，探索建立一套以城市通行空间信息为基础、以商业区位理论和空间经济计量方法为支撑、以空间分析技术为手段的设施位址服务特征评估方法。为了精细地表达和分析区位空间特征，根据城市通行特点，综合道路网络、室外开放空间、设施内通行特征等信息，实现城市通行空间的完整表达，解决复杂交通模式下路径分析等关键问题；设计一套较全面的位址服务特征评价指标，重点围绕空间格局、可达性、聚客力、空间影响研究其评估方法，面向应用开展设施选址、效率分析等决策支持模型研究，以南京市娱乐休闲业为例进行实验验证。

城市商服设施位址服务特征评估，是商业地理智能和空间信息服务领域关注的重要科学问题，对各类设施的合理布局、服务效率提升、区位优选、商业分析决策有重要应用价值。项目在分析城市商服设施格局与人口、交通等要素相互关系及作用机制的基础上，探索建立一套以城市通行空间信息为基础、以商业区位理论和空间经济计量方法为支撑、以空间分析技术为手段的设施位址服务特征评估方法。主要研究成果包括：（1）设计了一套顾及道路网络、室外公共空间、设施内通行空间的城市通行空间数据模型，建立了门-门全出行链下包含步行、电动车、小汽车、城市公共交通等多种通行方式的通行路径分析方法；（2）建立了一套顾及城市通行特征和多种交通模式的商业服务设施位址服务特征评估方法，包括设施分布空间格局特征、通行空间的设施可达性、商业网点相互作用和覆盖特征等多方面；（3）设计了面向设施规划布局等应用的决策分析模型，包括改进的设施可达性评估模型、基于“门到门”方法的多模式交通时间可达性测度、设施时空可达与需求匹配测度、设施布局均衡性评估、顾及布局均衡的设施优化配置模型等。（4）以南京市为研究区，选择商业中心、医疗设施、购物商场、娱乐休闲设施等开展了系列情景模拟与实证研究。项目研究已发表学术论文18篇，其中SCI/SSCI论文8篇，申请国家发明专利1件，多次参加国内外学术会议和交流合作，培养研究生8人，其中3人取得博士学位，4人取得硕士学位，1人即将毕业。项目在城市通行空间数据建模、商服设施空间格局分析、多模态交通时空可达性测度等方面提出了多个有创新性的模型和方法，研究成果对GIS空间分析与建模、城市商业服务业设施空间布局规划等具有理论意义和应用价值。