Hypovirus/Cryphonectria parasitica (Cp) system is regarded as an excellent experimental system to dissect the virulence regulation mechanism, since infection by a hypovirus can profoundly reduce the virulence and result in persistent changes in multiple traits of this pathogenic fungus. Our preliminary work had shown that the expression of two DNA methyltransferases were up-regulated in the hypovirus-infected strain EP713 compared to its isogenic wild-type strain EP155 and deletion of ahcy, a gene that encodes an hydrogenase to S-adenosylhomocysteine, resulted in an increased intracellular concentration of S-adenosylmethionine, a methyl donor, and up-regulated accumulation of transcripts of genes functioned in DNA methylation pathway, but suppressed transcript accumulation of genes of the trimeric G-protein pathway, and remarkably reduced the virulence of Cp. As one of the major epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation plays an important role in many biological processes. We hypothesize that a hypovirus regulates the gene expression by pertubing the DNA methylation of the fungal genome. In this proposal, the sprectrum of DNA methylation from the EP155 and the EP713 strains will be identified, the relation bewteen DNA methylation and gene transcription will be analysed, the mechanism of differential methylation by the virus, and the roles of key genes that are methylated will be investigated physiologically and pathogenetically. The results obtained will help to unvail the mechanism of virulence regulation in Cp.
低毒病毒侵染可导致板栗疫病菌(Cp)表型发生改变并显著降低真菌的毒力,因而该系统被视为解析病原真菌致病机理的一个优秀模型。我们的前期研究发现,受病毒侵染后,Cp有两种甲基转移酶表达量上升;敲除S-腺苷高半胱氨酸水解酶的Cp突变株,多个甲基转移酶基因转录水平显著上升,但三联体G-蛋白途径的多个关键基因以及一个致病相关基因cyp1的转录水平则显著下调,同时真菌毒力也显著下降。由于DNA甲基化是基因表达调控中一种重要的机制,参与多个生命过程,我们提出假说,病毒可能通过调控宿主DNA的甲基化水平而影响毒力基因的表达。本课题拟以Cp野生强毒菌株和受病毒侵染的弱毒菌株为实验材料,分析真菌基因组中受病毒调控的DNA甲基化谱,确定DNA甲基化与转录水平的关系,阐明受病毒调控的基因组选择性甲基化的机制,明确关键基因甲基化在真菌毒力和重要生理性状表达上的作用,从而进一步揭示Cp毒力调节的机制。
为了更好地研究低毒病毒侵染对板栗疫病菌甲基化的影响,本研究首次利用全基因组重亚硫酸盐测序技术 (Bisulfite-Seq)对板栗疫病菌野生型强毒菌株EP155及受低毒病毒侵染的弱毒菌株EP713进行全基因组范围内的甲基化分析。结果显示:1)EP155中甲基化的C位点(mC)平均水平为1.02%, EP713中mC的平均水平为1.14 %。从整体水平上看,EP713的甲基化水平高于EP155;2)甲基化C位点的主要形式都是CHH(H代表A、T、C碱基),其次是CHG,CpG最少;3)对基因组功能区域甲基化密度分析发现两个样本中在5种功能域: promoter、 Exon、intron、utr3、utr5中均有甲基化的分布,且甲基化的C位点(mC)主要集中在promoter。而且在EP713中,mCHH、mCHG、mCpG这三种形式在promoter的分布密度都要高于EP155中相应甲基化C位点形式的密度。4)在两个样本中鉴定到600个差异甲基化区域DMR,其中144个DMR可以比对到基因。在EP155和EP713中,分别有65个和79个高甲基化基因。这些结果表明低毒病毒改变了寄主基因的甲基化水平。.为了揭示真菌DNA甲基化与基因表达水平之间的关系,利用RNA-Seq技术对EP155和EP713的基因表达量进行了测序并与BS-Seq关联分析,结果显示DNA甲基化水平与基因表达量负相关。利用传统的亚硫酸盐测序技术及qPCR对BS-Seq和RNA-Seq的结果进行验证,结果显示高通量测序结果可靠。为研究真菌的甲基化与致病力之间的关系,构建了4个关键基因的缺失突变体,结果显示△330939与△286354缺失株致病力显著降低。因此,低毒病毒可能通过改变寄主基因的甲基化水平来调控相关致病基因的表达水平,从而影响板栗疫病菌致病力。这些研究结果将为揭示DNA甲基化与真菌毒力的关系提供新的知识。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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