我国眼部损伤有效紫外线暴露强度分布规律研究及老年性白内障危险性评价

The study will place one detector of a dual channel fiber optic spectrometer in the eye of a rotate manikin instead of the measurements of ambient UV in order to reflect the anatomical structure of human eye. Ocular damage effective UV exposure intensity will be used to replace physical intensity or erythemal intensity to describe the results. We will select the city of Sanya, Shaoxing and Shenyang for latitude comparison, and select Lasa, Xichang and Shaoxing for altitude comparison.The results will reveal the temporal and spatial distribution of ocular damage effective UV exposure intensity, and clarify the dose-response relationship between ocular damage effective UV exposure intensity and DALY, DALE and the disability prevalence of senile cataract respectively of 734 countries (cities or regions) in our country. We will evaluate the senile cataract disability risk, DALY and DALE by considering ocular damage effective UV exposure intensity, specific action spectrum wavelength,high risk solar elevation and other risk factors, which include latitude, altitude, albedo, ozone, clouds, aerosol, temperature, population structure and urban-rural differences. By considering the changes of the ozone layer in the future and the aging speed of our country, we will forecast the trend of the disability prevalence of senile cataract, DALY and DALE in the next 20 years. It will provide the scientific basis to evaluate the economic and social burden of senile cataract and to make the blind-avoiding policy for our government.

本研究将高紫外灵敏度双通道光谱仪光纤探头置于旋转式眼部紫外线暴露模型，用眼部解剖结构模型代替水平的环境紫外线监测，用眼部损伤有效暴露强度代替物理或红斑强度，在不同纬度三亚、绍兴和沈阳；不同海拔高度拉萨、西昌和绍兴，监测紫外线眼部有效暴露强度和环境强度。揭示我国眼部损伤有效紫外线暴露强度时空分布规律，构建地理信息图谱。阐明我国734个县（市、区）眼部损伤有效紫外线暴露强度与老年性白内障伤残现患率、DALY和DALE剂量反应关系。从眼部损伤有效紫外线暴露强度及其特征光谱波长、高危太阳高度角、纬度、海拔、反照率、臭氧、云量、气溶胶、气温以及人口结构和城乡差异等方面评估紫外线致老年性白内障伤残危险度和老年性白内障疾病负担。结合臭氧层变化及我国人口老龄化速度预测未来20年我国老年性白内障伤残现患率及DALY、DALE变化趋势。为我国政府评估老年性白内障的经济和社会负担及制定防盲政策提供科学依据。

本研究采用高紫外灵敏度双通道光谱仪光纤探头置于旋转式眼部紫外线暴露模型，在不同纬度三亚、绍兴和沈阳；不同海拔高度拉萨、西昌和绍兴；不同反射背景的营口、鞍山和阜新监测了眼部紫外线暴露强度和环境辐射强度。我们的研究揭示了眼部损伤紫外线暴露的物理强度和有效紫外线暴露强度的时空分布规律。提出来眼紫外线暴露在日间的双峰规律，完全不同于环境日间辐射的钟型曲线。我们利用NASA（美国宇航局）卫星监测紫外线红斑曝光量，描述了我国紫外线辐射地理信息图。阐明我国31省市自治区紫外线红斑曝光量与老年性白内障伤残现患率、DALY 的剂量反应关系。从眼部损伤有效紫外线暴露强度及其特征光谱波长、高危太阳高度角、纬度、海拔、反射背景、朝向、地理方位、防护条件以及眼的直射、散射和反射分析上，系统地阐述了眼暴露的特征。结合纬度和海拔、人口结构和城乡差异等方面评估紫外线致老年性白内障伤残危险度和老年性白内障疾病负担。结合臭氧层变化及我国人口老龄化速度初步预测我国老年性白内障伤残现患率及DALY变化趋势。为我国政府评估老年性白内障的经济和社会负担及制定防盲政策提供科学依据。