促进我国再制造产业发展的多元化补贴政策机理研究：以汽车零部件再制造为例

It is of great significance for constructing cyclic economy and sustainable development society to develop the green remanufacturing vigorously. In view of weak profitability of remanufacturing and low enthusiasm of enterprise, Chinese government tries to adopt subsidy policies to promote remanufacturing industry development. How to design and configure policies and produce positive policy effect has been an important issue which the government urgently awaits to be solved. Thus, The effects of different subsidy policies and their diversified portfolio on Chinese remanufacture industry development are compared and investigated in this research by using a combination of theories as governmental regulation, sustainable development, system dynamics, etc from a government perspective. Firstly, several policies are designed from dimensions of subsidy way, subsidy style, subsidy standard, etc. An interactive and feedback model of remanufacture system is built under the subsidy policies. Secondly, we investigate the development of remanufacture industry under subsidy policies, and reveal the effect of subsidy policies on remanufacture industry by simulation analysis during a long time of future. Lastly, the optimize policy-making suggestions are put forward according to different development stages, infancy, growth and maturity, of remanufacturing industry in China. The results will help Chinese government to advance and formulate multiple subsidy policies in remanufacture industry.

大力发展绿色再制造，对构建循环经济和可持续发展社会具有十分重要的意义。鉴于再制造盈利能力弱，企业积极性不高，我国政府尝试采用补贴政策来促进再制造产业发展。如何设计和配置不同补贴政策，产生积极政策效应，就成为我国政府面临的亟待解决的重要问题。因此，本课题站在政府视角，综合运用规制理论、可持续发展和系统动力学等理论方法，对比研究我国再制造产业多类型补贴政策及其多元化组合的政策机理。 首先，从补贴方式、对象和力度等政策表征维度，设计若干类补贴政策。其次，以汽车零部件再制造为例，建立多元化补贴政策下再制造系统的反馈交互模型。再次，通过长时间序列仿真，考察多元化补贴政策下再制造产业的演化过程，揭示多元化补贴政策对再制造产业的影响机理和政策效应。最后，针对再制造产业不同发展阶段（孕育期、成长期和成熟期），给出多元化补贴政策优化配置建议。 研究成果能为政府因地制宜选配再制造产业多元化补贴政策提供帮助。

我国政府尝试采用补贴政策来促进回收再制造产业发展，如何设计和配置不同补贴政策，产生积极政策效应，就成为我国政府面临的亟待解决的重要问题。本项目采用系统动力学、博弈和仿真等理论与方法，对影响回收再制造的政府补贴政策进行系统研究。在分析我国回收与再制造现有体系的基础上，构建回收再制造系统的因果回路图与存量流量图，建立系统动力学方程，设计变量、参数取值范围以及仿真情景。通过仿真分析制造/再制造生产速度、再制造企业数量、旧件回收量等重要变量的变化趋势和特点，深入剖析多元化补贴政策对回收再制造的影响机理，从而给出政府不同补贴政策设计与实施的建议。另外，本项目将关注点从“补贴”延伸到“收费+补贴”，从生产者责任延伸制（Extented Producer Responsibility，EPR）视角，集成前端面向生产的收费和末端面向回收的补贴，全生命周期探究EPR（收费+补贴）对回收再制造产业发展的影响。研究希望探究回收再制造领域的中国版政策方案，成果能为政府制定和调整回收再制造补贴政策、EPR政策提供理论基础。