基于EPR 制度的我国再制造产业链发展模式与推进机制研究

Remanufacturing maintains a significant role in circular economy. Notwithstanding the fact that Chinese remanufacturing industry is at its inception when governmental regulation must still be enhanced, collecting and delivering channels are far from smooth and adverse selection of remanufactured products impedes its further development, the huge economic potential and environmental benefits are inspiring. Extended producer responsibility (EPR) instrument is remarkably productive in advancing circular economy. The project aims to work out an applicable development mode of remanufacturing industry chain in China based on EPR system, to recommend a sensible promotion mechanism for the government, and to facilitate large-scale production and standardization expansion of remanufacturing industry. From respective perspectives of the government, the remanufacturing industry chain and the consumer market, general objective of the project is divided into three aspects. For the government, laws and regulations in accordance with EPR principles should be issued and implemented to have end-of-life products recycled and remanufactured at not less than a certain rate, to stimulate purchase of the remanufactured products, and to enhance product eco-design. For the remanufacturing industry chain, its remanufacturing mode based on EPR system is supposed to be formulated with coordination and incentive mechanisms established, to make strategies of remanufacturing for enterprises, which in turn provides feedback for EPR regulation and completes it further. For the consumer market, conditions of promotions for remanufactured products should be investigated with incentive measures of the government and enterprises discussed, to avoid the plight of "lemons market". The project is hoping to supplement existing theories in the realms of venous and remanufacturing industries for their further development. In practice, the project aims at providing references for both the government and remanufacturing enterprises, of their respective roles in policy-makings based on EPR instrument and strategy selections to promote industrial development.

再制造是循环经济的重要组成部分。当前我国再制造产业处于起步阶段，存在外部规制不完善、收售渠道不畅、产品逆向选择等问题，但发展潜力和空间巨大。生产者责任延伸（EPR）制度对推动循环经济发展作用显著。本项目拟构建基于EPR制度的我国再制造产业链发展模式，提出政府推进机制，促进产业的规模化与规范化发展。研究基于三个层面展开。①.政府——制定EPR规制，保障产品回收再制造率，实现再制品正向选择，促进产品生态设计。②.产业链——基于EPR制度探讨再制造产业链构建和运营中的协调与激励机制，制定企业再制造发展战略，反馈和完善EPR规制。③.消费市场——研究促进再制品正向演化条件以及政府和企业激励机制，避免柠檬市场的产生。希翼本项目的研究在理论上能为静脉产业及再制造产业发展理论提供有益补充，在实践中能为我国政府部门制定基于EPR内涵的政策法规、为产业链各类成员企业制定再制造发展战略提供决策参考。

再制造是循环经济的重要组成部分。当前我国再制造产业处于起步阶段，存在外部规制不完善、收售渠道不畅、产品认知度低等问题，但发展潜力和空间巨大。生产者延伸责任制度（Extended Producer Responsibility，EPR）要求制造商注重产品的重用性和环境相容性，鼓励制造商与分销商、回收商、再制造商等展开密切合作，促进产品和资源再生利用，推动循环经济发展。本项目基于EPR制度，从“政府规制、产业链/供应链运作、再制品市场发展”三个角度探讨我国再制造产业链的发展模式与推进机制。. （1）推进再制造产业发展的EPR规制设计及其实施。为推进再制造产业的发展，政府的规制至关重要。本项目对目前我国EPR制度及相关再制造激励政策作了梳理，基于EPR制度内涵设计相关政策措施，包括基金补贴制度、基准再制造率制度、以及相关激励机制等，并针对专利许可、生态设计、再制造动态能力等相关因素提出了政府规制措施，以推动我国再制造产业的规模化和可持续发展。. （2）EPR规制下再制造供应链运营决策及其实施。基于相应的政府ERP规制，采用演化博弈和微分博弈等方法，分析和确定再制造供应链成员企业间的定价、采购、回收、再制造等策略，并结合实践予以验证。尤其重点研究了再制造产业中的废旧产品回收渠道构建及其实施问题，以建立合理、通畅、可持续发展的废旧产品/二手品回收渠道，保证再制品原材料的充分供应。. （3）再制品销售渠道构建及消费市场发展。再制品消费市场的发展程度、消费者绿色消费的理性程度等与再制造产业发展也密切相关。调研并分析了长三角地区消费者对再制品的认知情况，并基于再制品消费现状和发展趋势，研究了电商运营、绿色物流、产品尺度效应等因素与再制品销售的关系，提出相关政策建议和运营策略以推动再制品消费市场的持续扩大。. 本项目重点研究了推动再制造产业发展的政府规制与企业策略，初步探讨了再制品消费市场。研究结论具有一定的应用前瞻性，能为循环经济发展理论提供有益补充，对建设资源节约型的低碳社会具有一定现实指导意义。