Gametogenesis is a biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes, sperm or egg. Insulin-like growth factors (Igfs) play an important role in vertebrate gametogenesis. Previously, a fish-specific igf3, which was exclusively expressed in the gonads, was successfully cloned by our laboratory. Using CRISPR/Cas9, Igf3 deficiency in tilapia resulted in disruption of gametogenesis, with most germ cell stay with spermatogonia/oogonia stage, indicating that Igf3 was involved in gametogenesis. The main contents of this project are as follows: 1) the effects of Igf3 deletion on male and female gametogenesis; 2) the effects of Igf3 deletion on steroid hormone synthesis; 3) regulation of brain-pituitary-gonad aix by Igf3; 4) the downstream signaling pathways that mediate Igf3 function; 5) identification of Igf3 receptor and its endocrine or paracrine model. The functions, receptor, signal pathway and mechanisms of this growth factor in fish gametogenesis will be comprehensively investigated based on the knockout and transgenic animal models. This study is helpful to elucidate the biological significance of Igf3, which will provides a theoretical basis for the reproductive regulation of cultured fish and contributes to the breeding control of fish.
配子发生是由原始生殖细胞经有丝分裂、减数分裂向成熟配子即精子和卵子分化的复杂过程。胰岛素样生长因子Igf在脊椎动物配子发生具有重要作用。本实验室前期克隆了一个鱼类特有的igf3,它仅在性腺表达,采用CRISPR/Cas9在罗非鱼敲除igf3,发现配子发生受阻,停留在精/卵原细胞阶段,暗示Igf3与鱼类配子发生相关。本项目以罗非鱼为实验对象,研究1)Igf3缺失和过表达对配子发生的影响;2)Igf3缺失和过表达对类固醇发生的影响;3)Igf3对脑-垂体-性腺轴的调控;4)介导Igf3调控配子发生的下游信号通路;5)Igf3受体及内分泌或旁分泌作用模式研究。从缺失功能和获得功能深入分析该生长因子在配子发生中的功能及分子机制、Igf3结合的受体、激活的下游信号通路及作用模式。该研究有助于阐明鱼类特有Igf3存在的生物学意义,为养殖鱼类的生殖调控提供理论依据,在应用上有助于鱼类的繁殖控制。
课题组前期克隆了一个鱼类特有的igf,命名为igf3,它仅在性腺表达。本项目以尼罗罗非鱼为实验对象,围绕Igf3调控罗非鱼配子发生的分子机制开展工作,取得以下结果:1)随着罗非鱼精子发生的进行,igf3表达水平逐步升高;Igf3纯合突变导致早期精原细胞增殖受阻,减数分裂延迟,后期减数分裂恢复,精母细胞积累,但精细胞数量减少,进而降低了雄鱼的生殖力。Igf3过表达促进罗非鱼精子发生,精细胞的数量增加。2)igf3的表达受雄激素调控,且雄激素合成酶基因cyp11c1缺失表型与igf3缺失表型相似,均导致精子发生延迟,精液量减少、精子数量减少,表明igf3作用于雄激素下游参与精子发生。3)分析了igf3缺失对罗非鱼卵巢分化的影响,发现igf3缺失早期次级滤泡减少,卵原细胞和原始滤泡增多,雌激素合成相关基因表达下降,但后期卵子发生恢复,且突变体成鱼是可育的。通过对雌雄igf3突变体生长情况分析发现,igf3缺失不影响罗非鱼生长,表明罗非鱼生长不受igf3调控。4)采用原位杂交并结合免疫组化的方法详细分析了igf3的可能受体igf1ra在罗非鱼性腺表达的细胞类型,并利用CRISPR/Cas9制备了igf3的可能受体igf1ra和igf1rb的F0嵌合体和F1杂合突变体,目前正在制备F2纯合突变体。5)鉴定了在罗非鱼卵子发生中起作用的新因子tsp1a,tsp1a突变导致卵原细胞增殖增加而分化被抑制,进而导致卵原细胞增多,次级生长阶段卵泡减少和E2水平降低,与igf3的缺失表型相似。6)研究表明igf3和amh在鱼类配子发生中起相反的作用,解析了抗穆勒氏激素amh及其受体amhr2在尼罗罗非鱼卵泡发生中的功能,amh、amhr2纯合突变导致生殖细胞过度增生和初级卵泡向次级卵泡的转换阻滞,从而产生肥大的卵巢,这与igf3突变体的表型有明显差异。7)鉴定了卵原细胞特异表达基因foxl3,通过建立基因编辑模型揭示了foxl3在卵原细胞到卵母细胞转变中的作用机制。相关成果在Development、Cell Mol Life Sci、Journal of Endocrinology等发表论文8篇。作国内学术会议报告4人次。获得重庆市自然科学三等奖1项。联合培养博士2人,硕士1人。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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