Sex determination is one of the fundamental aspects of biology. The transcription factor Foxl2 plays a decisive role in vertebrate sex determination, however, the molecular mechanism involved in this process is still to be deeply elucidated. Different from mammals, two Foxl2s(two copies of Foxl2), Foxl2a and Foxl2b, have been identified in most fishes. It is interesting that Foxl2a was expressed in gonadal somatic cells, while Foxl2b expressed in germ cells. Based on previous results, we hypothesize that both of Foxl2a in somatic cells and Foxl2b in germ cells take part in fish female sex determination. This project will adopt a series of in vitro and in vivo technologies to isolate the genes regulated by Foxl2a in sex determination signal pathway. In vivo gene knockout (loss of function in XX) and overexpression (gain of function in XY) experiments will be carried out to figure out the functions of Foxl2b signaling pathway in female sex determination. Finally, the crosstalk between Somatic cells and germ cells will be investigated. Taken together, the aim of this project was to clarify the molecular mechanism of female fish sex determination. The implementation of this proposal will provide a theoretical basis for the sex control and genetic breeding of fish in aquaculture.
性别决定是生物学的基本问题之一。转录因子Foxl2在雌性性别决定中发挥重要作用,但涉及的分子机制还有待进一步研究。与哺乳类不同,鱼类存在两个Foxl2,即Foxl2a和Foxl2b,有趣的是Foxl2a表达于体细胞,而Foxl2b表达于生殖细胞。近年我们已经通过基因敲除和过表达首次证明了Foxl2a在雌性性别决定中的重要性。基于前期研究结果,我们推测Foxl2a调控的体细胞性别决定信号通路与Foxl2b调控的生殖细胞性别决定信号通路都作用于鱼类雌性性别决定,两者缺一不可。本项目拟采用一系列离体和在体研究手段深入分析Foxl2a调控的雌性性别决定通路基因;分析Foxl2b在雌性性别决定中的功能及分子机制;最后解析Foxl2a和Foxl2b调控体细胞和生殖细胞互作的分子机制。本项目有助于阐明鱼类雌性性别决定的分子机制,为水产养殖鱼类的性别控制和遗传育种提供理论基础。
转录因子Foxl2在脊椎动物雌性性别决定中发挥重要作用。与哺乳类不同,鱼类由于基因组复制存在两个Foxl2,即Foxl2a和Foxl2b,两者卵巢表达水平显著高于精巢,Foxl2a表达于体细胞,而Foxl2b表达于生殖细胞。通过基因敲除、基因表达分析、激素测定、内分泌调控、启动子分析等实验分析了Foxl2a和Foxl2b缺失引起性逆转发生的原因。取得了一下成果:1)发现Foxl2a缺失导致XX雌性向雄性的完全性逆转,且性逆转雄鱼是可育的,表明Foxl2a在雌性性别决定中具有重要作用。Foxl2突变导致下游靶基因Cyp19a1a表达和血清雌激素水平下调,且Foxl2突变导致的性逆转能够被外源雌激素所回救。2)建立了Foxl2a下游靶基因cyp19a1a的纯合敲除模型,Cyp19a1a缺失也导致XX雌性向雄性的性逆转,性腺发育为功能型精巢。3)筛选到Foxl2a的靶基因gsdf,杂合突变的XX个体性腺Gsdf的表达水平显著升高。Foxl2以剂量依赖的方式抑制gsdf的启动子活性,ChIP和EMSA分析表明Foxl2能直接结合到gsdf的启动子。表明Foxl2直接抑制gsdf的表达从而决定雌性性别。4)建立了Foxl2a靶基因dmrt1的纯合敲除模型,dmrt1的缺失XY个体导致由雄向雌的性逆转。采用雌激素合成酶抑制剂Fadrozole处理XY纯合敲除个体,可完全回救为功能型精巢,表明dmrt1缺失后雌激素合成酶表达的升高是其发生性逆转的主要原因。5)建立了Foxl2b纯合敲除模型,发现生殖细胞进入精子发生,不表达雌性生殖细胞相关基因,而体细胞仍表达雌性相关基因,且这种性逆转不能被外源雌激素所回救,说明Foxl2b是决定原始生殖细胞进入卵子发生的关键基因,生殖细胞的性别是自主决定的,可以不受体细胞环境的影响。6) 建立了稳定遗传的转基因技术和基因组大片段删除技术。已发表与本课题相关的SCI论文7篇,作国内会议报告6人次。获得重庆市自然科学三等奖1项,申请国家发明专利1项。培养博士生1人,硕士研究生共2人,顺利完成了相关的研究任务。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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