基于收益管理的集装箱班轮运输动态定价问题研究

Liner shipping is the basic mode of container marine transport. The growth tendency of super size of containership, large amount of containerships in a fleet, shipping network structures, and strategic alliances have been emerged recently in the container liner industry. The difficulty of carrier's container liner shipping operation has also been enlarged. How to make rationally use of price lever to enhance shipping revenue has been become a vital decision-making problem to the carrier's survival and development. In view of the features of liner shipping, this project will study the mechanism of dynamic pricing of liner service according to the classification of shipping market, diffenciation of container types and delivery modes, reposition of empty container, as well as strategic alliance of carriers. Therefore, the optimal slot allocation by voyage for long-term contract shippers and dynamic pricing by time phase for spot market shippers will be connected with regard to the operation systems of multi-port cycle route and main/sub combined transport route. From the point of one carrier and the points of many carriers in a liner alliance respectively, the series optimal dynamic pricing models of multi-phase, combined routes, reposition of empty container, alliance game playing, as well as their extending comprehensive model will be established. The solution algorithm of the above models will be designed. The intelligent on line simulation experiment analysis will be conducted by soft linkage to the container shipping electronic market system. Therefore, it will provide a theoretical surpport and a basic calculation software platform for the implementation of dynamic pricing policy in container liner shipping.

班轮运输是集装箱航运的基本形式，近期正呈现船舶大型化、船队规模化、航线网络化、经营联盟化等发展趋势，使得集装箱船公司开展班轮运输经营的难度在不断加大。如何合理地利用价格杠杆，增加运输效益，现已成为关系到集装箱船公司生存和发展的重要决策问题。本项目依据班轮运输的特征，综合班轮市场细分、集装箱种类和交接方式差异、空箱调运、班轮联盟战略等因素，探究班轮运输的动态定价机理。在此基础上，针对多港挂靠循环和干/支线联运两种航线运营形式，将长期合同托运人分航段舱位最优分配和即期托运人分时段动态定价问题统一起来，分别从单一船公司和联盟下多家船公司的视角，经逐级综合扩展，构建多阶段、联运航线、空箱调运、联盟博弈等系列动态定价优化模型，设计上述模型的求解算法，并与集装箱航运电子市场系统软衔接，进行智能化在线模拟实验分析，从而为实施集装箱班轮运输动态定价决策提供理论支持和基本计算软件平台。

班轮运输是集装箱航运的基本形式，近期正呈现船舶大型化、船队规模化、航线网络化、经营联盟化等发展趋势，使得集装箱船公司开展班轮运输经营的难度在不断加大。如何合理地利用价格杠杆，增加运输效益，现已成为关系到集装箱船公司生存和发展的重要决策问题。本项目依据班轮运输的特征，综合班轮市场细分、集装箱种类和交接方式差异、空箱调运、班轮联盟战略等因素，探究班轮运输的动态定价机理；通过分析班轮运价的波动特征，本项目考虑班轮联盟战略和空箱在途库存成本等因素，构建了班轮空箱调运模型；考虑集装箱运输需求和航线运营成本等因素，构建了班轮航线网络优化设计模型；考虑集装箱航运市场供求关系和燃油价格波动等因素，构建了班轮航速和航线配船优化模型；考虑集装箱航运供应链协同和海运金融增值服务等因素，构建了海陆仓存货质押融资质押率优化模型等；在此基础上，针对多港挂靠循环和干/支线联运等航线运营形式，将长期合同托运人分航段舱位最优分配和即期托运人分时段动态定价问题统一起来，构建多阶段、联运航线、空箱调运、联盟博弈等系列班轮舱位分配和动态定价优化模型；设计上述模型的求解算法，运用贴近实际的算例验证了集装箱班轮运输动态定价模型和方法的有效性。本项研究成果可与集装箱航运电子市场系统软衔接，进行智能化在线模拟实验分析，从而为实施集装箱班轮运输动态定价决策提供理论支持和基本计算软件平台。