滇池湖滨带生态恢复过程中的植物群落构建机制与演变

Lakeside is the functional transition zone that connecting the lake aquatic ecosystem and the land ecosystem. Because of the gradually ecological degradation in recent years, the study of plant community assembly mechanisms and its evolution during the ecological restoration process in the lakeside would have important scientifical values and guiding significance to regional ecological restoration, habitat management and biodiversity conservation decision．Trait- and phylogenetic-based tests of community assembly provide a powerful way to detect community assembly processes and has become one of the hotspots in the field of restoration ecology and environment science. This program select the plateau lake Dianchi and its lakeside as the research object. Based on our preliminary research about the species compositions, diversity and flora characteristics in Dianchi lakesides, the program will study the plant community assembly mechanism and its evolution during the regional eclogical restorion process. Specially, the plant community characteristics and environmental factors will be determined according to the field survey. The species’ functional traits and phylogentic distance will also be integrated studied based on both field examinations and laboratory experiments. Based on these studies, we will elucidate the plant community assembly mechanisms and its evolutional rules during the ecological restoration process in Dianchi lakeside. Furthermore, the effect of the external disturbance and anthropogenic management in the Dianchi lakeside on plant community assembly will also be determined. The relationship between the plant community assembly and ecological recovery in this region will also be discussed. This project will not only provide scientifical basis for the ecological restoration of Dianchi lakeside, but also provide important theoretical and practical reference for the ecological recovery and reconstruction of other degraded lakeside ecosystem.

湖滨带是连接湖泊水域生态系统与陆地生态系统的重要功能过渡区，研究湖滨带生态恢复过程中植物群落构建与演变的内在机制，对于区域生态恢复、生境管理与生物多样性保护等具有重要的科学价值与指导意义。基于系统发育和植物功能性状的方法探究植物群落构建机制已经成为区域生态恢复与环境保护领域关注的焦点。本项目以高原湖泊滇池湖滨带为研究对象，在前期研究已经探明区域植物物种组成与地理分布的基础上，通过对滇池湖滨带在生态恢复过程中的植物群落特征与环境因素调查、植物群落功能性状分析以及群落系统发育等试验研究，揭示滇池湖滨带群落植物功能性状与系统发育的关系，阐明滇池湖滨带在生态恢复过程中的植物群落构建机制及其演变规律，以及外界干扰与人为管理对群落构建的作用机制，解析植物群落构建与生态恢复之间的关系，项目研究不仅将为滇池湖滨带的生态恢复提供理论依据和实践指导，并对其它湖滨退化生态系统的恢复与重建具有重要参考价值。

湖滨带是连接湖泊水域生态系统与陆地生态系统的重要功能过渡区，湖滨带植物群落构建机制是维持湖滨生态系统稳定、生物多样性保护与生态功能的关键生态学过程。以植物功能性状和系统发育探究植物群落构建机制是植物群落维持机制的重要研究手段。项目在调查滇池湖滨带植物多样性与植物群落特征的基础上，选取不同干扰背景下具有自然演替过程的典型生境与样地，采用植物功能性状和系统发育相结合的研究方法探究滇池湖滨带植物群落构建机制。采用冗余分析、方差分解分析、MRM检验等探究影响滇池湖滨带植物群落构建机制的主要因素。研究结果表明，不同样地植物群落优势物种的主要功能性状系统发育信号不显著，性状表现趋同；群落系统发育结构指数呈现随机格局，即物群落构建以竞争排斥作用为主。群落功能性状结构也表现为随机格局，即中性过程是群落构建的驱动因子。因此，滇池湖滨带不同生境陆生植物群落的构建是竞争排斥和中性过程共同驱动的结果。滇池湖滨植物群落构建机制的影响因素分析表明，不同生境植物群落的叶经济谱权衡策略不同，且土壤因子与群落水平的叶经济谱权衡策略相关，环境因素在群落构建中发挥作用。滇池湖滨带植物群落构建受到多个因素综合作用，其中确定性因素（如人为干扰导致的生境差异和物种入侵）对植物群落物种组成和丰富度、群落系统发育和功能多样性起着主要作用，同时随机因素（如扩散限制）也影响着群落中物种的多样性和功能多样性。项目研究揭示了滇池湖滨带不同干扰背景下植物群落构建机制及其主要影响因素，研究结果为受干扰生态系统植物群落构建机制研究提供了新的见解，同时也为滇池及其他高原湖泊湖滨带生态恢复与管理提供了科学依据与实践指导。