Endemic and endangered plants has not only generally been recognized as a priority conservation, but also has been accepted as the focus of regional plant industry construction, germplasm resource protection and sustainable utilization. Conservation of genetic diversity and variation is the foundational basis of all conservation efforts because genetic diversity and variation is requisite for evolutionary adaption, and such adaption is the key to the long-term survival of any species. Rhododendron rex is an endangered plant that endemic to Southwestern China with great ornamental value. The plant was gradually in danger of survival due to high frequency of habitat disturbance. However, almost nothing is reported regarding its germplasm conservation. This program, based on our previous field distribution and survival status investigation, is to study the endangered mechanism and conservation strategies of R. rex. Specially, the species’ population characteristics, reproductive traits and regeneration dynamics will studied to access its endangered and survival status. Its genetic diversity and population structure will be studied using simple sequence repeats (SSR) molecular marker. Furthermore, the genetic variation and gene flow will also be accessed by using sequencing and analysis of cpDNA. Based on these studies, we will elucidate the endangered mechanism of R. rex and determine its evolutionary significant unit (ESU) and priority protection populations, and we will also consequently develop scientific and feasible strategies for the species germplasm conservation. This project will not only provide scientific strategies for the germplasm conservation of R. rex, but also provide important theoretical and practical reference for other endemic and endangered species’ conservation.
特有濒危植物资源不仅是生物多样性保护的优先保护目标,也是区域植物产业构建与资源保存、可持续开发利用关注的焦点。特有濒危植物种质保护的核心在于保护其遗传多样性与遗传变异。本项目以杜鹃花科西南特有濒危植物大王杜鹃的种质保护为研究目标,通过种群与群落特征调查、传粉生物学与自然更新研究,揭示该物种的生存现状、种群更新动态及其繁殖特性;采用微卫星(SSR)分子标记和3个cpDNA基因片段测序技术检测大王杜鹃不同居群的遗传多样性、居群遗传变异与遗传结构式样以及花粉基因流,探明该物种的濒危原因与濒危机制,并确定其进化显著单元(ESU)与优先种质保护居群,在此基础上提出科学、合理的种质资源收集与保护策略,最终实现资源的有效保护、合理利用和种质延续,并对其他特有濒危植物资源的种质保护提供参考。
项目在2016.01-2019.12共计4年的执行期内,按照原计划研究内容和研究目标进行,通过野外调查、观测、试验和室内研究相结合的方法,从大王杜鹃的自然居群分布、种群生态、群落特征、生境干扰、繁殖特性以及遗传多样性、遗传变异式样等方面开展了相关的试验研究,探明了大王杜鹃的生存与濒危现状,探讨了其濒危原因与濒危机制,提出了大王杜鹃的进化显著单元和优先保护居群,并在此基础上,提出了科学、可行的种质保护策略。项目整体按照原计划顺利完成研究内容并达到研究目标,取得的研究成果如下:(1)探明了大王杜鹃在我国西南山地的分布现状,大王杜鹃种群结构表现为稳定型种群,种群受外界干扰影响明显;(2)大王杜鹃的繁育系统为异交型,自交亲和,需要传粉者,种子无休眠期,为需光性种子;高温抑制其种子萌发。(3)通过转录组测序(NCBI 登录号为 SRP108011),获得 164242 个unigene序列,其中115089 (70.07%)个 unigene成功注释到公共数据库,开发获得了可供大王杜鹃群体遗传分析的36对SSR引物;(4)SSR分子标记和cpDNA测序研究表明,大王杜鹃在物种水平上具有中等水平的遗传多样性,居群间的遗传分化较大,Mantel检验表明遗传距离和地理距离存在显著的相关性,大王杜鹃没有经历过瓶颈效应但在历史上经历了居群收缩事件。从cpDNA序列鉴定出12个叶绿体单倍型,大王杜鹃有显著的谱系地理结构,居群历史动态分析显示,在距今5万年时大王杜鹃居群开始快速收缩事件。(6)基于上述研究工作,大王杜鹃的11个居群可划分为4个ESUs(ESUA-D),提出了加强残存种群的就地保护、特别是加强4个进化显著单元优先保护的保护建议。项目共发表研究论文8篇(其中已发表SCI 4篇,发表中文核心期刊论文3篇,科普论文1篇),参加学术会议与交流3次,提交会议论文摘要1篇,培养硕士研究生共4 人(均答辩获博士学位),项目主持人晋升教授职称,并入选“云南省中青年学术与技术带头人后备人才计划”、“云南省万人计划青年拔尖人才培养计划”和“云南大学青年英才培养计划”。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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