滇池流域水岸带景观演变及其对生态安全的影响研究

The waterfront zone is the transition zone between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It plays an important role in water protection and improving the quality of the ecological environment. In response to the current phenomenon of rapid urbanization caused serious damage to the landscape of the waterfront, This subject takes the Dianchi Lake Basin as the research object. Extracting the waterfront zones of Dianchi Lake and rivers as the main research area, Using the 3S technology and combined with field investigations, Aiming at the long and narrow morphological features of the waterfront, a variety of landscape scales were used to carry out qualitative and quantitative research on the landscape pattern, used the method of landscape map theory to conduct an in-depth analysis of its ecological process, and summarized the evolutionary characteristics of the landscape pattern of the waterfront in different urbanization contexts, discussed the ecological and environmental problems and reveals the mutual influence and mechanism. Finally, combined with the theory of ecological security, ecosystem service value theory, screening indicators to construct the landscape ecological security pattern, which can provide a reference basis for the rational development and utilization of landscape resources in the Dianchi Lake basin. The results of the study not only enriched the theoretical research on the evolution of the landscape pattern of the highland lakeshore belt, but also provided a reference for the government decision-making department to formulate a land-use policy based on the protection of ecological security in the process of rapid urban development.

水岸带是水陆生态系统之间的过渡带，对水体保护和改善生态环境质量具有重要作用。针对目前快速城市化发展对水岸带景观造成严重破坏的现象，本课题以滇池流域为研究对象，提取流域内湖泊和河流水系的水岸带作为主要研究区域，借助3S技术等手段，结合野外实地调查，考虑到水岸带具有狭长的形态特征，采用多种景观粒度对其景观演变开展定性和定量的研究，运用景观图论的方法对其生态过程进行深入剖析，比较不同城市化背景下，水岸带景观格局的演变特征，探讨由此产生的生态环境压力和生态安全问题，揭示其中的相互影响和作用机制。最后，结合生态安全理论、生态系统服务价值理论，筛选指标构建景观生态安全评价体系，为滇池流域水岸带景观的保护和合理开发利用提供参考依据。研究结果一方面丰富了高原湖泊水岸带景观格局演变的理论研究，另一方面可以为政府决策部门在城市快速发展过程中，制定以保障生态安全为基础的水岸带土地利用政策提供参考依据。

针对目前快速城市化对流域水环境造成严重破坏的问题，本课题选取滇池流域的水岸带及其他关键区域作为研究对象，总结景观格局演变特征及其对生态安全的影响。考虑到水岸带具有狭长的形态特征，采用多种景观粒度对其景观演变开展定性和定量研究。主要研究内容如下：（1）通过提取滇池流域河流水岸带的土地利用信息，开展不同梯度缓冲区内景观格局空间演变的规律研究，得出城市河流适宜的水岸带宽度为200m；（2）采用土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局指数与景观图论等方法，从滇池流域的宏观尺度和代表性入滇河流的微观尺度，分别开展土地利用变化与景观格局演变研究，总结演变特征；（3）选取滇池流域内的代表性河流，基于景观图论的方法，开展不同城市化背景下水岸带景观演变特征的比较研究；（4）结合生态安全理论，采用景观格局指数构建评价指标体系，对滇池流域关键区域的生态安全状况进行评价，为水岸带的生态安全评价提供方法基础；（5）基于生态系统服务供需理论，结合实地调研将盘龙江划分为不同研究单元，通过构建生态系统服务供需评价体系，为城市滨水空间景观的精细化设计提供优化策略。以上研究结果不仅丰富了高原湖泊城市水岸带景观格局演变的理论研究，而且可以为政府决策部门在城市快速发展过程中，制定以保障生态安全为基础的水岸带土地利用政策提供参考依据。