基于详细规划层面的临街住区声环境控制研究

With the advance of China's urbanization process, Many residential areas are quite close to roads, so many people suffer from road traffic noise. Rational planning is the fundamental way to solve the residential sound environment problems. In this study the detailed planning design methods which are closely related to residential sound environment are choosen, and typical street-adjacent residential areas are selected. Sound field characteristic is studied by field measurement and computer simulation,and the typical three-dimensional noise mapping is also drawn. With the methods of social survey and laboratory listening experiments, community noise subjective annoyance and its acoustic factors and non-acoustic factors are studied. Noise impact mapping is drawn.From sound field distribution characteristics and community noise evaluation, the relation between sound environment control of street-adjacent residential areas and detailed planning methods of residential area is studied. Optimal planning and design method is also proposed. The results of the study will be very useful for the design of residential sound environment, and also helpful to realize the sustainable development of the street-adjacen residential area.

随着我国城镇化进程推进，越来越多的住区临街而建，大量住区居民暴露在道路交通噪声污染之中，合理规划是解决临街住区声环境问题的根本途径。本研究筛选与住区声环境密切相关的详细规划设计方法，选取城市典型临街住区为研究对象，以住区外道路交通噪声污染为切入点，采用现场测量和计算机模拟的方法，研究典型临街住区物理声场，绘制三维噪声地图；采用社会声学调查和实验室听音实验的方法，研究临街住区人群噪声主观烦恼度，提取与规划设计方法相关的声学因素和非声学因素，绘制典型临街住区噪声影响地图；以噪声地图和噪声影响地图为依据，从住区物理声场分布特点和居民主观感受两方面，探讨临街住区详细规划设计方法与声环境之间的关系，并提出规划设计优化策略。该研究成果将对临街住区声环境的规划设计提供理论指导和方法借鉴，实现临街住区声环境的可持续发展。

随着我国城镇化进程的推进，越来越多的住区临街而建，合理规划是解决临街住区声环境问题的根本途径。研究通过物理声场测量，发现城市道路交通噪声频谱以低中频为主，峰值出现在63Hz和1000Hz；噪声呈明显的日变化规律，夜间小时车流量远低于昼间。对于不同规划布局的住区，其声音分布和衰减规律显著不同；随着建筑高度的增加，倾斜式住区和垂直式住区的声压级和百分数声级均随之增加，垂直式住区比倾斜式住区声压级增加得更快些；平行式住区的声压级和百分数声级也随着建筑高度增加而增加，但在达到最大值之后便开始下降，其声压级变化范围比垂直式和倾斜式明显要小。声压级在水平方向的衰减，平行式住区衰减速度最快，其次是倾斜式和垂直式；平行式住区首排建筑受污染严重。采用一对一入户调查方式，共发放问卷644份，其中有效问卷535份，研究发现不同规划布局的住区居民在与规划设计相关的声学问题上评价结果显著不同；平行式住区内的居民，对房间布局、小区规划、小区声环境质量和对生活影响程度等问题评价最低，垂直式住区评价最高。在噪声敏感程度方面，垂直式住区和倾斜式住区居民的敏感人数相近分别为25.5%和27.5%，而平行式住区的敏感人数仅有7%。对于烦恼度，平行式住区五级评价烦恼度最高为81.0%，垂直式住区和倾斜式住区结果相近分别为70.7%和71.3%；烦恼度五级划分评价方法和十一级划分评价方法结论类似，只是五级方法比十一级方法所得的烦恼度和高烦恼度比例均更高。研究还通过物理声场分布特点和主观感受两方面分析，提出临街住区城乡规划与建筑设计策略，探讨规划设计中的车流量、声源模型和隔声设计计算等声学问题。该研究成果将对临街住区声环境的规划设计提供理论指导，实现临街住区声环境的可持续发展。