以“春运”人口流动透视的转型期中国城市网络格局

City network is one of the new and hot topics in the field of urban geography. “Chunyun” is a well-known socio-economic phenomenon unique to transitional China, which refers to a blooming of population flows during the Spring Festival, or refers to the period when the blooming happens. In this project, a study on the spatial pattern of city network in transitional China will be performed based on the population flows in "Chunyun" period. .Previously, the real population flows data in "Chunyun" were difficult to obtain. The situation has been changed until the “Big data on human migration during the spring festival from Baidu map” (“Baidu migration data” in short) came up. This data visually delineate the spatial pattern of population migration during the Spring Festival, which are extracted from mobile phone positioning information of hundreds of millions of the users of Baidu Map. Based on this new data and other spatial association data, using qualitative analysis, network analysis, GIS and statistical analysis method, the research on city network launches. The research content mainly includes three parts, including geographical profiling of the “Chunyun” population flows, analysis of the city network in China and Northeast China, and discussion on cross-regional cooperative governance and territorial cohesion. The project aims at rebuilding the structure of urban system in China in the perspective of population flows in “Chunyun” and city network, and revealing the positions, functions of cities and their relations, as well as finding a new pattern of the urban system. In addition, the way of policy regulation and regional coordination in the context of city network will be explored..To sum up, combination of the hot social issue (“Chunyun”) and academic issue (city network) reflects the project has certain academic innovation merit, and the expected conclusion will be useful for deeply understanding the regional difference and optimizing the structure of urban system in transitional China.

城市网络是城市地理学研究的新兴问题和热点问题之一。“春运”是转型期中国特有的社会经济现象。本项目以“春运”人口流动为透视，来研究转型期中国的城市网络格局问题。项目以“百度地图春节人口迁徙大数据”为代表的“春运”人口流动数据为基础，以中国和东北地区为研究区，综合运用定性分析、网络分析、GIS分析和统计分析等手段，展开“春运”人口流动的地理学分析、全国与区域尺度的城市网络分析以及跨区域合作治理与地域聚合问题的探讨。目标是以“春运”人口流动和城市网络视角，来重建转型期中国及东北地区的城市体系结构，揭示各城市在体系中的地位、作用和相互关联，试图发现新的格局特征，进而探索城市网络语境下的政策调控与区域协调方法。. 本项目研究视角新颖，将“春运”这一社会热点问题与城市网络这一学术问题相结合，体现一定的学术创新性。预期结论对深入了解转型期中国的区域差异和优化城市体系结构具有一定的应用价值。

项目以“百度迁徙”春运人口流动大数据为主要数据源来探讨转型期中国城市网络格局问题。工作中综合运用实地调研、网络分析、GIS分析和统计分析等手段，从全国、区域与城市等多个尺度入手展开城市网络的层级结构、位序规模、节点地位、子群划分、地理依赖与不平衡性等分析。与此同时也尝试利用高速公路货流、城市间公路、铁路、航空客流和旅游流等数据进行城市网络的构建分析与对比验证。研究率先提出了城市网络有向转变中心性与控制力的测度方法，证实并测度了中国春运人口流动网络中的富人俱乐部效应，揭示了城市网络结构中的位序-规模规律，解释了空间距离与城市等级在城市网络联系的支配性作用，发现了春运人口流动网络存在对外向型经济与沿海地区过度依赖等问题，并制作了春运人口流动金字塔，实现了春运人口流动的3D格局呈现。研究成果不但丰富了城市网络的理论框架，对于深入了解转型期中国人口流动空间特征、界定中心城市、制定区域一体化战略、优化城镇化格局形态具有一定的现实意义。