黄柏对高脂饮食棕点石斑鱼的免疫机能与肝脏脂代谢的调控与作用机制研究

Epinephelus fuscoguttatus is one of the major mari-culture species developed in the Southern provinces in recent years. However, enteritis and fatty liver diseases developed when farmers over fed fish with high lipid diet to reduce cost. Diseased fish were more prone to pathogens, and mortaliy increased sharply.Chinese medicinal herbs were more and more popular in the disease control practices of fish farming.They were environmental friendly and produce no drug-resistance.Studies demostrated that Phellodendron amurense has anti-inflammatory, blood lipids lowing, and anti-fatty liver effects in mammals. However, its effects in fish were not clear yet. This project firstly aim to establish a fatty liver disease model in E. fuscoguttatus based on in vivo feeding experiments. Then the effects of Phellodendron amurense and its major content-berberine on the growth and physiological biochemistry parameters of E. fuscoguttatus fed with high lipid diet were examined.Lastly, specific immune and lipid matabolism related genes/pathways differentially expressed under the effect of Phellodendron amurense/berberine in the headkidney,liver and intestine of E. fuscoguttatus fed with high lipid diet were identified by transcriptome sequencing and analysing techniques. The results of this study will not only be helpful to develop safe and efficient drugs for controlling the enteritis and fatty liver diseases in E.fuscoguttatus, but also be helpful to reveal the mechanism of Phellodendron amurense/berberine’s regulatory effects on the immune and blood lipid metabolism systems in E.fuscoguttatus. Therefore, this study will play an important role in promoting the development and application of Chinese herbal medicines for fish and the sustainable development of healthy culture of E. fuscoguttatus.

棕点石斑鱼是我国南方主要海水养殖品种之一。近年来部分养殖户为了追求经济利益，过量投喂高脂饲料，导致鱼体肠炎与脂肪肝病并发，免疫力下降。因而更易受外源致病因子感染而爆发疾病。中草药因其绿色环保、无耐药性等优点，在鱼病防治中得到日益广泛的应用。哺乳动物研究发现，黄柏具有消炎，降脂，抗脂肪肝的功效，然而，黄柏对鱼类的作用机理尚不明确。本项目拟通过体内投喂实验，在建立棕点石斑鱼脂肪肝模型的基础上，检测黄柏及其主要成分小檗碱对高脂饮食棕点石斑鱼生长、血清/肝脏生理生化指标的影响；并通过转录组测序分析，挖掘高脂饮食以及黄柏/小檗碱作用下高脂饮食棕点石斑鱼头肾/肝脏/肠道中特异性表达的免疫、脂代谢基因/通路。本研究不仅为系统揭示黄柏对高脂饮食棕点石斑鱼的免疫/血脂代谢调控机制奠定基础，为黄柏应用于防治鱼类脂肪肝病提供理论依据，对推动渔用中草药的开发应用和棕点石斑鱼健康养殖的可持续发展具有重大意义。

棕点石斑鱼是我国南方主要海水养殖品种之一。近年来部分养殖户为了追求经济利益，过量投喂高脂饲料，导致鱼体肠炎与脂肪肝病并发，免疫力下降。哺乳动物研究发现，黄柏具有消炎，降脂，抗脂肪肝的功效，因此本项目通过体内投喂实验，在建立棕点石斑鱼脂肪肝模型的基础上，检测了黄柏及其主要成分小檗碱对高脂饮食棕点石斑鱼生长、血清/肝脏生理生化指标的影响；并通过转录组测序分析，挖掘高脂饮食以及黄柏/小檗碱作用下高脂饮食棕点石斑鱼肝脏/肠道中特异性表达的免疫、脂代谢基因/通路。结果表明黄柏和小檗碱能改善高脂饮食棕点石斑鱼的生长性能，血脂水平，肝脏损伤程度和抗氧化能力；高脂饲料通过PPAR、类固醇类生物合成，脂肪的消化与吸收和胆固醇代谢等通路对棕点石斑鱼的脂代谢起到调节作用；黄柏及小檗碱对多个免疫通路、能量代谢通路及脂代谢相关通路具有调控作用。此外，本项目还进行了黄柏/小檗碱作用下石斑鱼肠道菌群变化分析，发现与对照组相比，高脂组石斑鱼肠道菌群中葡萄球菌属、发光杆菌菌属等致病菌属比例显著增加，高脂低浓度小檗碱组石斑鱼的肠道菌群与对照组无显著差异。最后进行了一株具有潜在降脂效果的益生菌的筛选及应用效果研究。本研究不仅为系统揭示黄柏对高脂饮食石斑鱼的免疫/血脂代谢调控机制奠定基础，为黄柏应用于防治鱼类脂肪肝病提供理论依据，对推动渔用中草药、益生菌的开发应用和石斑鱼健康养殖的可持续发展具有重大意义。