创意产业对城市空间重构的作用机理研究：以沪、杭、甬为例

The creative industries(CI), as a newly-flourished set of industries, have triggered worldwide discussion with a consensus that its contribution to the development of economy is evident. As a result, to cultivate CI becomes one critical strategy for industrial upgrading and spatial restructuring in metropolitans or medium-scale cities. Consequently, new characters of urban spatial structure(USS) are emerging due to the distinctiveness of CI themselves. So to explore these new characters in a systematical way at city-level from a spatial respect is significant for the academy, as well as for the local government. The main goal of this research is to figure out how the development of CI will influence USS. As the flourishing of CI not only insert their power in global trade network, but also challenge the regional or local planning paradigm, this research is confined to city-level so as to narrow the question down. In order to answer the recounted issue, two main questions entail exploration. One is about the spatial distribution of CI, and respectively their spatial relationships. The other is to map their influence on USS and to explain the mechanism of these dynamics via theoretical models. An overall survey of the relative literatures reveals that nine research themes are closely or partly related to this proposed research, which are: influence on economic growth, insights on creative class, reasoning of creative city, elaboration of creative milieu, examination of location preference, exploration on network of CI, argumentation of culture-led urban regeneration, concerns to urban social space, urban policy implications. In addition, two evident research gaps are identified: lack of mapped systematical spatial evidence within the whole city, and lack of explanatory model for the dynamic between CI and USS as a whole system. To fill these two gaps, ArcGIS package can serve as a platform and emergence theory can provide a general paradigm: ①Choosing Shanghai,Hangzhou,Ningbo as the study area, Using the Entropy of the location, Spatial Correlation analysis to Definite creative industrial agglomeration(CIA), and to explore agglomeration location of CI and its influencing factors, particularly, identification and classification of suitable USS features in catalyzing development CIA. ②Integrated use methods of Case Studies, project network, Node-Place Modeling , studying the composition and combination of urban spatial elements(USE) chang driven by CI at CIA-Level. ③Integrated use methods of spatial analysis models by ArcGIS, Creative Networking, studying the composition and combination of USE and its characters change before and after the formation of CI, focus on exploring mechanism of USS's combination, function change and developmental trend during before and after forming CIA at city-level.

产业的空间集聚/扩散过程是城市空间重构的核心，产业空间组织与城市空间交互影响既是人文地理学空间区位、空间结构理论探求目标，也是人文地理的规划应用依据所在。以沪杭甬为例研究创意产业时空演化，解析创意产业影响城市空间重构的层面、承载体与空间结果，构建创意产业影响城市空间重构的分析构架。理论上以空间生产理论与创意产品生产"项目网络"为前提，综合城市与集聚区层面创意产业空间化过程及其在城市空间重构的具体表现和可能影响，完善理论构架。实证以多年统计数据和问卷调查为数据源，运用ESDA-GWR等方法判识创意产业与城市空间重构关联因素，构建创意产业对城市空间重构影响的测度指标，分别针对集聚区、城市层面运用项目网络与节点-场所模型、空间统计与社会网络探究创意产业影响城市经济、社会文化空间重构的因素、途径及模式。本项目可望丰富产业空间和城市空间的协同理论研究，深化新经济空间过程及其在城市空间演化贡献的认识。

1980年代以来，全球化与新经济成为全球发展最重要的趋势之一。在这其中，大城市的创意经济迅猛发展，创意产业区、城市空间随即成为21世纪需要深入探讨的两个重要命题，旋即成为当前经济地理学、城市规划学界普遍关注的热点。由于经济和城市创新驱动、转型发展的国家战略需求，借鉴国外大都市创意产业与空间可持续发展过程积累的经验，论证和阐明创意产业区演化过程中的城市空间重构机理，不但对经济社会创新发展的国民经济实践具有重要指导意义，而且也是学科前沿需要加以探索。.本项目首先从研究动态出发分别对产业区演化、城市空间重构进行文献综述，其次从经济地理、城市地理与规划两个学科的理论融合角度进行产业空间组织与大都市空间重构关联理论分析，最后在总结两者的关联性基础上，提出研究视角、研究内容与研究的技术路线，同时构建了研究的总体框架。（1）创意产业区演化时空过程及机理的实证与理论探究。首先基于伦敦西区、东京练马区、纽约SoHo区演化历程的实证和案例分析，构建了创意产业区演化的时空律，然后从演化经济地理学视角解析了创意产业区演化的驱动力、路径与趋向。（2）城市空间重构机理的理论探索与实证研究。首先通过国外典型案例(伦敦、纽约、东京)的全面解析，论证和阐明创意产业区演化对大都市空间重构的驱动因素与作用规律、大都市空间对创意产业区演化响应的空间模式与机理；然后以中国上海、杭州、宁波为研究地区，从文化创意产业园区、市域文化创意企业两尺度透视文化创意群集过程对城市空间结构变化的影响，阐明创意产业区发展重构城市空间的作用、格局及问题. 主要发现及其科学意义:(1)立足该问题的学术前沿，搭建了创意产业集聚与大都市空间结构演变互动关系的一个初步研究框架，特别是从空间生产视角别具匠心地论证创意产业区演化与城市空间重构的互动特征与空间模式，从理论构建和实证分析两方面揭示出创意产业区演化与城市空间重构的作用机理。(2)分析了创意产业的空间功效及对城市内部结构优化的作用机制。创意产业的空间效应是创意产业的地理过程对大都市空间的要素、结构、功能、形态的作用与影响。项目分别论证了创意产业区演化与城市物质、经济、社会文化三重空间要素的匹配关系，勾勒出城市空间结构重构对于繁荣文化创意产业的功能性传导机制。(3)提出的创意空间生产——“主体—环境—机制”研究框架将创意产业区演化与大都市空间重构关系的互动机理较好地整合起来。