基于列车运行的轨道振动能量捕获和回收方法研究

It is important for wireless sensor networks to monitor the track structure and ensure the railroad safety. The reliable power supply for the wireless sensor nodes is an important subject to be solved. The project is innovatively proposed, which can recycle the track vibration energy and supply energy to the wireless sensor nodes. Through actively establishing the nonlinear relationship of the energy harvesting structure, the mechanism of broader responding band of the nonlinear collection structure is studied, which can realize the resonance acquisition in the multifrequency incentive of track vibration. Based on the nonlinear distributed parameter model of energy collection structure, the electromechanical conversion mechanism of vibrational energy is revealed. Based on the charge conservation relations of energy harvesting internal unit, the coupling relationship between vibration acquisition structure and piezoelectric charge extract interface is built. The electromechanical coupling model of acquisition unit is set up, which efficiently realizes the extraction of piezoelectric charge. Based on the energy balance connection of various sub-elements in the energy recovery system, the matching control of recovery system in the condition of multiple time scale is stuied, which can efficiently recycle the track vibration energy under different parameters of the energy storage device.This project will explore new ways of rail vibration energy recovery methods, which lays a theoretical foundation for energy recovery, storage and reuse of the rail vibration energy. And it has important scientific and engineering significance.

无线传感网络是监测轨道结构和保障行车安全的重要技术手段，无线传感节点的可靠供电是亟待解决的重要课题。本项目提出一种通过主动捕获轨道振动能量向无线传感节点供电的新方法：主动构造轨道振动能量捕获结构非线性力学关系，得到能量捕获结构的动力响应特性，揭示非线性作用拓宽能量捕获结构响应频带的机理，实现轨道振动多频激励条件下的振动能量捕获；以轨道振动能量捕获单元内部电荷守恒关系为核心，构建能量捕获结构和压电电荷提取接口之间的耦合关系，建立轨道振动能量捕获单元的广义动力学方程，为压电电荷的高效提取提供条件。通过分析确立轨道振动能量回收系统各环节之间的能量平衡规律，实现多时间尺度条件下各环节模型的相互连接，准确计算得到匹配控制接口的调节规律，实现储能元件变参数条件下，轨道振动能量的高功率回收。本项目提出一种轨道振动能量捕获和回收方法，为轨道振动能量回收、存储和再利用奠定理论基础，具有重要的科学和工程意义。

无线传感网络是监测轨道结构和保障行车安全的重要技术手段，供电问题限制了无线传感节网络的进一步发展。为了解决这一问题，本项目研究一种通过主动捕获轨道振动能量的新方法，通过将轨道振动的机械能转换为电能，为无线传感节点的自供电提供一种新的解决方法。研究车辆-轨道耦合振动，明确轨道振动时域和频域特性。通过主动构建轨道振动能量捕获结构非线性关系，设计层合圆板轨道振动能量捕获结构，其机电耦合系数达到等效悬臂梁结构的9.39倍。提出了压电动力系统的非参数辨识方法，建立轨道振动能量捕获结构的非线性机电耦合理论模型和实验模型。发展了适应于压电动力系统的谐波平衡-时域/频域转换方法，揭示非线性作用拓宽轨道振动能量捕获结构响应频带的机理，得到系统的幅频响应变化规律。首次发现了层合圆结构的软硬联合非线性，其带宽达到等效线性系统的2.03倍。建立轨道振动能量捕获单元的机电耦合模型，提出压电电荷的提取方法。基于双开关电荷提取方法，提出轨道振动能量回收系统的阻抗匹配方法。设计轨道振动能量回收系统装置，提出轨道振动回收系统的控制方法，设计自供能无线传感网络节点原理样机，并进行了实验验证。本项目所提出轨道振动能量回收理论，为轨道振动能量回收、存储和再利用奠定理论和应用基础，具有重要的科学和工程意义。