那曲流域水源解析及气候变化的响应

The project is aimed at solving the core scientific problem “response mechanism of water source to climate change” derived from the Major Research Plan “Runoff variation and adaptable utilization in source area of Southwest Rivers”. Based on lots of previous work, the in-situ observation and laboratory control experiment are the key support for the project. 3S and numerical simulation technique are applied to classify and zone the water source of natural slope system, river system and artificial ecosystem. And techniques of in-situ observation, laboratory experiment and numerical simulation will be improved in order to support quantitative analysis of water source components and its evolution mechanism in typical water source area. The project focus on: (1) evolution mechanism of water source in Naqu River basin; (2) analysis method of water source in alpine cold region. The research team of this project had a solid preparation, reasonable personnel constitute, and excellent experimental conditions.

本项目将紧密围绕“西南河流源区径流变化和适应性利用重大研究计划”设置的“不同水源的径流对气候变化的响应机理”这一核心科学问题，在大量前期工作基础上，以野外原型观测实验和室内控制实验为关键支撑，融合3S和数值模拟技术，对流域天然坡面系统、河道系统和人工生态系统水源进行分类与分区；改进原型观测、机理试验和数值模拟方法，定量解析典型类型水源区的水源构成及演变机理；重点解决那曲流域水源演变机理、高寒流域水源解析方法两项关键问题。申报团队已开展了大量预研究工作，研究方案具有可行性。

本项目针对“不同水源的径流对气候变化的响应机理”这一核心科学问题，以那曲流域为研究区，构建了高寒源区水源解析理论框架与方法体系。主要取得了以下4方面的研究成果：1）开展多类型科学实验，填补了怒江源区基础数据的不足；2）改进水文模拟关键过程，揭示了怒江源区水循环演变规律；3）提出水源解析理论框架，剖析了怒江源区水源构成及水龄变化；4）结合坡面和河道，初步探索了怒江源区水源演变的生态环境效应。在项目研究过程中，发表学术论文33篇，其中，SCI 25篇，EI 2篇；已授权发明专利21项（国际2项，国内19项）；授权软件著作权6项；项目组3人次获国家级荣誉称号、5人次获省部级荣誉称号；5人获得晋职；培养博士生6人、硕士生4人。通过本项目研究，将进一步发展变化环境下高寒源区水源解析理论与技术，以满足生态屏障建设、水资源保障和应对气候变化的现实需求。