那曲上游流域草地演变对坡面产流影响机理实验与模拟

The ecological degradation, flood disaster and drinking water security issues have become serious in North Tibet. The slope runoff regulation was the key to solve the severe ecological and environmental issues in this area. And the identification of slope runoff producing was the foundation to solve these problems. In this project, we incorporated the new progress of domestic and overseas correlational researches. We set Naqu upstream watershed as study area. According to the previous work, the experimental studies of mechanism were carried out in this region. The experimental studies includes precipitation-infiltration of growing season meadow, evapotranspiration and soil moisture movement, soil infiltration and moisture movement in the sandy gravel layer. The simulation equation was constructed for the slope runoff process in the alpine grassland region. The slope runoff producing simulation model of Naqu upstream watershed was constructed based on the WEP model. The influence mechanism of growing season meadow evolution on the slope runoff producing process will be identified in this project. This research was significant for the fundamental theory and technology of hydrological simulation in the alpine region. This study could provide the fundamental science and technology support to solve the ecological restoration and water problem in the alpine region. The research team of this project had a solid preparation, reasonable personnel constitute, and excellent experimental conditions.

藏北地区生态退化、洪涝灾害和饮水安全问题严重，坡面径流调控是解决上述问题的关键，坡面产流机理识别与模拟是其基础。本项目将融合国内外相关研究的新进展，以那曲上游流域为研究区，在前期工作基础上，开展生长季草地降水-入渗、蒸散发与土壤水运动、土壤入渗与砂砾石层水分运移等机理实验，并构建适合高寒草地区坡面产流要素过程模拟方程；在WEP模型的基础上，构建那曲上游流域坡面产流模拟模型，识别生长季草地演变对坡面产流要素过程的影响机理。本研究对发展高寒地区水文模拟基础理论与技术具有重要意义，可为区域生态修复与水问题的解决提供基础科技支撑。申报团队前期工作基础扎实，人员构成合理，具备良好的实验条件。

本项目从坡面径流调控的角度，针对藏北地区生态退化、洪涝灾害和饮用水安全问题，以那曲流域为研究区，开展坡面产流过程机理实验，构建适合高寒草地区坡面模拟模型。主要取得了以下4方面的研究成果：1）那曲流域草地演变基本规律及其对气候因子的响应分析；2）不同草地覆盖度对产流过程的影响机理分析；3）不同草地覆盖度下土壤水分运移变化特征分析；4）构建适合高寒草原地区的坡面产流过程的整体模拟模型。在项目研究过程中，发表学术论文17篇，其中SCI 10篇；出版专著1部；授权发明专利3项；项目组3人次获国家级荣誉称号，培养博士研究生4名，硕士研究生5名。通过本项目研究，将进一步发展高寒草原地区坡面产流理论与模拟技术，为区域生态修复与水问题的解决提供基础科技支撑。