黄河冰封期的冰基本物理和力学行为试验研究

According to the facts of the lack of ice basic physical and mechanical properties in system at Yellow River ice, and the domestic researches are gradually increasing the ice physical and mechanical behavior on Yellow River ice problems, this application plan to install the observations of ice growth and decay processes, weather conditions, water temperature under ice at the ice covered period in Yellow River near the location of historical ice observation in detail. Ice internal fabric and structure are observed in irregular sampling. The in-situ flexure strength and elastic modulus are performed by using cantilever beams. The static / dynamic friction coefficients between ice and ice, ice and concrete and/or embankment soil are measured with the towing method. The uniaxial compressive strength, flexure strength, elastic modulus, tensile strength and fracture toughness tests will be finished under different strain rates and different temperatures in cold laboratory. The relationship between ice physical properties and mechanical properties will be established by using in-situ observation data and test data. Both properties will be connected with external weather, hydrologic conditions to set up the foundation of forecast parameters of ice physical and mechanical properties with the hydrological and meteorological parameters in future. By using in-situ observation and experimental data, combined with the Yellow River historical observed data, the scientific basis for the Yellow River ice physical and mechanical behavior change tendencies under global climate change will be analyzed. This also can provide base of risk assessment and adaptation methods in future climate changes. And the quantitative evaluation methods using ice mechanics are developed for different regions (other river ice, artificial channel ice) and different ice fields (ice resistance engineering, ice utilities engineering, ecology under ice, ice blasting.

针对黄河冰缺少系统基本物理和力学性质以及国内冰凌研究正逐步引入冰物理和力学行为的事实，选择黄河冰封期，在历史上有冰凌观测的冰面位置系统地开展冰生消过程、冰面气象、冰下水温观测；不定期取样观测冰内部组构；用悬臂梁法测试原位冰弯曲强度、弹性模量；用拖曳法测试冰块之间、冰块与混凝土或者河堤土之间静/动摩擦系数。在室内开展不同应变速率，不同温度的冰单轴压缩强度、弯曲强度、弹性模量、拉伸强度、断裂韧性试验。用原位观测数据和试验数据，建立冰物理性质与冰力学性质之间的关系；并将两者同外界气象、水文环境条件结合起来，为实现利用可获取水文气象参数预测冰层内的物理和力学性质参数奠定基础。用原位观测和实验数据，结合黄河历史数据，形成黄河冰物理和力学行为对全球气候变化响应的科学基础，为应对和适应气候变化提供预测。发展不同地域(其它河冰、人工渠道冰)和不同冰领域(抗冰、用冰、生态、炸凌)的冰力学定量评价方法。

围绕黄河淡水冰物理和力学性质，用4个完整冬季在黄河头道拐开展定点长期连续冰物理和力学测量；沿黄河冰情调查和黄河什四份子多次断面调查；乌梁素海中国-芬兰多家单位气-冰-水-泥的综合调查和全面的冰物理和力学性质调查。研究了黄河冰封期原位生消过程和冰内部组构；原位冰弯曲强度、弹性模量；实验室压冰缩强度、弯曲强度、弹性模量和断裂韧性；冰光学行为和冰下溶解氧、叶绿素关系探讨和冰对斜面墙的热膨胀应力。在上述研究基础上，发表科学论文34篇，其中期刊论文29篇，会议论文5篇。期刊论文中SCI检索11篇，EI检索5篇；会议论文中EI检索1篇。项目期间，组织第8、9届全国冰工程会议；按计划参加了CliC，IAHR，POAC，ISOPE等冰专业国际会议。5位硕士研究生和2位博士研究生围绕本研究方向参与研究并毕业，1位博士研究生毕业后获得博新计划。项目中到多所中学科普极地冰科学与工程。研究成果对于黄河防凌减灾和冰下水生态的气候变化适应性将提供支持。