灾后重建语境下地方重构的特征、机制与效应研究——以汶川地震灾区为例

This project studies the place reconstruction in the context of post-disaster recovery with an empirical focus on earthquake-recovering project in Minchuan, Sichuan Procince.Disaster study is a traditional research area in physical geography, yet it was largely neglected in human geography. Existing research has focused on the modalities and planning of disaster recovery , with relatively less attention paying in relation to recovering projects’ micro effects on local cultural, economic and societal systems. With multiple qualitative methods including interview and ethnography, this project aims to investigate how the local place has been reconstructed in the post-disaster recovery and particularly how local residents’ place identity and everyday life have been shaped by state-led disaster reconstruction project. It also focuses on the place politics of how different social agents and discourses co-exist and contest. This project therefore aims to contribute to the research on the local dynamics of the post-disaster reconstruction in the field of natural disaster geography and expands research on local impacts of post-disaster reconstruction. It also aims to provide policy references for state’s disaster reconstruction projects in terms of local residents perception and response to “top-down” disaster recovering project.

灾害研究是我国自然地理学的传统研究领域，人文地理学对其关注还较为有限。过往人文地理学的灾害研究主要聚焦于灾后重建模式和规划制定等内容，而对灾后重建的后置效应鲜有涉及。在灾害发生和灾后重建过程中，灾区短时间内经历巨大的改变，如何在特殊的灾害及灾后重建语境下理解地方的重构问题，相关的理论和实践均有待深入探究。鉴此，课题选取汶川灾后重建的“明星工程”汶川映秀镇、水磨镇及彭州白鹿镇为案例地，从地方的视角切入，使用空间分析、文本与话语和数理统计分析等多元分析方法，探索如下问题：（1）灾后重建语境下地方重构的特征、方式及其与常规地方重构的异同；（2）灾后地方重构的过程与机制；（3）灾后重建语境下地方重构的情感效应；（4）灾后重建语境下地方的内涵和外延。期望通过中国案例的研究实现与西方地方重构理论的对话，实践层面也为国家灾后重建的政策和行动提供新的借鉴。

随着灾害的频发，如何理解灾害、重建与地方的互动关系成为了地方发展领域值得关注的议题。本课题选取汶川地震灾区为案例地，探究灾后重建语境下地方重构的特征、机制和情感效应，并对比其与常规情境下地方重构的异同。本课题发现：（1）灾后地方的重建进程是一个由政府主导、通过物质景观的生产、旅游实践的创造和符号形象的建构等途径进行的全面化的地方营造活动；（2）相较于常规情境下的地方重构，灾后地方从有形的地方物质空间维度到无形的地方意义维度均发生了全面性重构，并呈现为地方物质空间景观化、地方活动旅游化和地方形象符号化的特征；（3）这样的地方重构过程，让地方处于一种多元、流动的再生产状态，而地方意义呈现出异质性与在地化杂糅、标准化与错位化杂糅、都市性与乡土性杂糅的混杂性特质；（4）地方居民对灾后地方重构的认同是与生计活动、居住空间、休闲活动、地方发展和日常生活实践紧密结合的，并基于经济性、纪念性、文化性、便利性和合理性等维度呈现相异、复杂、多样的情感认同状态。本课题有助于深化灾害与地方领域的研究，对灾后地方可持续发展有一定的借鉴意义。