碳交易机制下基于契约的闭环供应链决策研究

With the competition of supply chain become increasingly fierce and consumer’s low carbon cognition gradually enhanced, supply chain coordination become a problem that need to be solved quickly under the premise of maximizing profit and reducing carbon pollution. Based on contract, this project is proposed to study on decision-making of closed-loop supply chain considering carbon trading mechanism. Firstly, under the background of carbon trading mechanism, several typical contracts are introduced to build closed-loop supply chain coordination models, and the coordination effects of various typical contracts in cournot, price and carbon emission reduction competitive environments are analyzed. Secondly, closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium models are constructed based on combined contracts, and the variational inequality theory is used to solve the condition of network equilibrium to obtain excellent combined contracts. Then, with the help of differential game theory, dynamic contracts to coordinate closed-loop supply chain are proposed. Finally targeting at maximizing social welfare, a stackelberg game model between government and enterprises is constructed to solve optimal waste recycling subsidy and carbon trading price which can provide the basis for the decision making of the government. Research achievements of this project can enrich contract designing theory, contribute to improve profit and reduce the pollution of carbon emissions of the supply chain and provide strong support for government decision-making.

随着闭环供应链企业竞争的日益激烈和消费者低碳认知的逐渐加强，如何通过成员间的协调，在追求利润的同时降低碳排放污染成为企业构建竞争优势亟待解决的难题，因此本项目从契约的角度对考虑碳交易机制的闭环供应链决策问题进行研究。首先，以碳交易机制为背景，分别构建古诺竞争、价格竞争和碳减排竞争环境下的闭环供应链协调模型，提出能够协调供应链的契约；其次，基于组合契约构建闭环供应链网络均衡模型，运用变分不等式求解网络均衡的条件，得到协调效果最佳的组合契约；然后，考虑产品低碳度存在自然衰减的情形，借助微分博弈求解出能够协调闭环供应链的动态契约。最后，以社会福利最大化为目标构建政府和闭环供应链企业的Stackelberg博弈模型，求解最优的碳交易价格和单位废弃品回收补贴，为政府决策的制定提供依据。研究成果可以丰富碳交易机制下的契约设计理论，有助于提高供应链整体效益和降低碳排放污染，并为政府决策提供有力的依据。

闭环供应链通过产品的回收再利用可以有效节约资源，并利于生产成本的降低。将碳交易机制引入闭环供应链，从契约的角度研究竞争环境下闭环供应链协调策略，对于供应链契约设计、提高企业形象以及降低碳排放污染具有重要的理论和实际意义。本项目首先聚焦于碳交易机制的背景，分别构建信息完全对称和信息非对称情形下的供应链模型，提出能够协调供应链的契约；其次，基于组合契约构建闭环供应链网络均衡模型，运用变分不等式求解网络均衡的条件，得到协调效果最佳的组合契约；然后，基于不同研究视角，借助微分博弈求解出供应链协调和网络均衡策略。最后，以社会福利最大化为目标构建政府和闭环供应链企业的Stackelberg博弈模型，得到了供应链最优合作减排及动态均衡策略，为政府决策的制定提供依据。研究成果可以丰富碳交易机制下的，有助于提高供应链整体效益和降低碳排放污染。此外，根据以上研究成果，从政策和市场的角度，为碳交易政策下契约设计理论和供应链协调决策提供了理论支撑和参考，为政府和企业的长期规划提供了理论依据。