航空遥感编码孔径光谱成像仪全局参数多重耦合模型表征及时-空均衡感知理论与技术研究

Coded aperture spectral imaging has important application prospects in the field of aerial remote sensing due to its high throughput, multichannel and staring imaging capabilities. However, there are complex multiple coupling interactions between the strong constraints of airborne about temporal-spatial, environmental adaptability and the parameters of coded aperture spectral imaging. Up to now, the research on multi-parameters of physical quantities in aerial remote sensing views on split, and a widely accepted composite detection model has not yet been formed. The limitation of airborne strong temporal-spatial constraints on information sampling will lead to the uniform sensing of traditional coding aperture and information redundancy. The non-uniform sampling caused by aerial parameter errors will lead to a serious decrease in SNR. These common bottlenecks seriously limit the application of coded aperture spectral imaging in aviation. By studying the Intrinsic mechanism of the physical quantities of aerial remote sensing, establishes a multi-coupling model of global parameters to form a complete mathematical function characterization, and studies a Spatio-spectral uniform multi-frame coded aperture that satisfies the temporal-spatial blue noise to realization a uniform sensing of the scene and SNR enhancement. Aiming at the phenomenon that the aerial sampling error can be reproduced by the airborne inertial navigation system, a least squares fitting algorithm based on triangular polynomial is proposed to realize non-uniform sampling correction. This study will also provide theoretical references for aerospace applications of other spectral imaging technologies.

编码孔径光谱成像仪具有高通量、多通道和凝视感知能力，在航空遥感领域有重要应用前景。而机载强时间、空间和环境等约束条件与之各参数间存在复杂的多重耦合作用。目前对航空遥感光谱成像全探测链路各物理量间的研究呈现一种分裂式的状态，仍未形成一个被广泛接受的复合探测模型；航空强时-空约束对信息采集的限制会导致传统编码孔径对场景感知的不均衡，造成信息冗余；航空参数误差引起的非均匀采样会导致信噪比严重下降。这些共性瓶颈问题严重制约了编码孔径光谱成像的航空应用。本项目通过研究航空遥感全探测链路各物理量间的内在作用机理，建立全局参数的多重耦合探测模型，形成完整数学表征；研究一种满足时-空蓝噪声模式的帧间图谱均衡感知编码孔径，实现航空均衡感知和探测信噪比提升；针对航空非均匀采样误差可借助机载惯导系统复现的特点，提出一种基于三角多项式的最小二乘拟合校正算法。本研究也将为其他光谱成像的航空应用提供理论借鉴。

编码孔径光谱成像技术以其高通量、多通道和凝视感知能力在航空遥感领域具有重要的应用前景，本项目瞄准编码孔径成像技术在航空应用中的共性瓶颈问题，完成了相关的理论和试验研究工作。开展了全探测链路中各参数的直接、间接和弱关联作用研究，完成了全局参数作用下具有普适意义的多种耦合作用的模型建立和数学函数表征。项目深入研究了基于约束等距原则的满足时-空蓝噪声模式的编码孔径，构建了编码孔径三维数学模型和约束等距原则下循环迭代常数的数值条件,借助航空遥感模拟实验系统，完成理论分析和实验验证。对航空环境条件下的编码孔径光谱成像仪航空稳定性进行建模分析，获得典型航空条件下的视轴误差范围和振动抑制后的适应范围，完成基于三角多项式的最小二乘拟合算法对航空参数误差引起的非均匀采样的校正。本项目的研究成果在国家某重要航空型号任务中获得的转化应用，成功将技术突破转化为我军的作战能力。该项目的研究成果将也将为同类型航空装备提供技术支撑。