基于编码孔径的太赫兹超导光谱成像关键技术研究

THz band is essential for research on dark matter and dark energy, formation and evolution of galaxies, matter recycling among stars and interstellar medium, planets origination, high-redshift galaxies as well as cosmic background radiation. Previous research result reveals that there are often abundant line spectra in continuous spectrum radiation arised from molecular and atomic gases at THz band. When carrying out spectral imaging observation of continuous spectrum and line spectra simultanously, multi-dimensional spectral images of celestial objects could be obtained, which will help to further reveal their complex and intrinsic characteristics..Due to application requirements for astronomical multi-dimensional spectral image observations at THz band, this research project will focus on key technologies of terahertz superconducting spectral imaging system based on coding aperture, including research on spectral imaging theory and system design, multi-dimensional spectral image numerical simulation methods and data processing methods, detection experiment of target multi-dimensional spectral image based on this prototype spectral imaging system..This research project will break through the key technologies of multi-dimensional spectral image detection, and then will provide theoretical reserves and technical support for achieving multi-dimensional spectral image detection of the next generation THz superconducting detecting system, which will plan to be equipped on Antarctic 5m THz telescope.

太赫兹波段是研究暗物质与暗能量、星系形成和演化、恒星与星系介质间物质循环、行星起源、高红移星系、以及微波背景辐射的重要波段。研究发现在太赫兹波段在连续谱辐射天区往往存在丰富的分子原子谱线，利用光谱成像技术可同时开展连续谱和谱线图像观测，获取天体观测对象的多维光谱图像，有助于进一步揭示其更为复杂的本质特征。. 针对太赫兹天文多维光谱图像观测的应用需求，本研究项目将进行基于编码孔径的太赫兹超导光谱成像关键技术研究，主要包括光谱成像原理与系统设计研究、多维光谱图像仿真及数据处理方法研究、以及目标光谱成像探测实验研究。. 本研究项目将突破多维光谱图像探测关键技术，为我国南极5米太赫兹望远镜的下一代主要观测设备，太赫兹超导成像系统实现多维光谱图像探测提供理论储备和技术保障。

太赫兹天文光谱成像探测技术可同时进行天体观测对象的连续谱和谱线探测，从而获取天体观测对象的多维光谱图像数据。相关技术已被用于多个大型射电天文望眼镜，在连续谱辐射天区获取了丰富的分子原子谱线，在星系形成和演化、恒星与星系介质间物质循环、行星起源、高红移星系、以及微波背景辐射等研究领域发挥了重要作用。本项目针对高灵敏太赫兹超导探测器和傅立叶分光频谱仪的特性，开展了基于编码孔径的太赫兹超导光谱成像关键技术研究。利用编码孔径技术进行了太赫兹超导光谱成像原理与系统设计研究，分析了系统关键部件对系统性能的影响并进行了相应的优化，在此基础上利用单个高灵敏度太赫兹超导探测器和数字微镜器件DMD搭建了一套太赫兹光谱成像系统并进行了光谱成像探测实验，在无机械扫描的情况下获取了目标的多维光谱图像数据，并通过对多维光谱图像数据特征分析和实验系统表征提出了相应的光谱成像数据处理方法，在数据处理量降低30%的情况下仍实现了高质量的目标多维光谱成像探测。