对情绪记忆控制技能进行干预训练的纵向研究

There are certain memories that we would rather not to remember. Indeed, unwanted memories can be debilitating and stressful when people fail to control them. Inefficient memory control is also characteristic of a range of mood disorders such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. The current proposal focuses on negative emotional memory control, and asks whether retrieval suppression training can help people to improve their memory control efficiencies in a longitudinal design. To examine the aftereffect of memory control, we will examine both explicit memory recall and implicit/automatic memory processes such as the implicit affective priming effects and the automatic memory intrusion. The proposal also plans to investigate training-induced malleability of neural activity associated with emotional memory control, and whether memory control training effects can transfer to other inhibitory control tasks. The proposed research will contribute to our understanding of the interaction between cognitive control and emotional memory, and establish the causal relationship between training and memory control efficiency. Moreover, examining emotional memories' implicit/automatic processes can inform us about the training procedure's external validity; and has real-life implications in the prevention and treatment of mood disorders.

对负性记忆的低效控制会使其侵占个体有限的认知资源并损害认知功能和身心健康，引发包括抑郁，焦虑，创伤应激障碍等情绪障碍。本项目试图通过纵向研究来考察个体是否可以经过记忆控制的提取抑制训练来提高个体对负性记忆的控制。在对记忆的考察中，本研究将同时关注负性记忆的外显和内隐加工过程，比如内隐的情绪启动效应，自动化的记忆侵入等。此外，本研究还将考察训练对负性记忆控制的神经活动的可塑性以及迁移性。本研究将训练个体的提取抑制能力，因此研究结果将在理论上对认知控制和情绪记忆的相互影响及其神经机制做出新颖性贡献，确立记忆控制训练对情绪记忆控制的因果影响。而对负性记忆的内隐自动加工过程的考察不仅在理论上丰富了我们对情绪记忆的外显／内隐加工过程的关系，同时还有较强的外部效度，对情绪障碍的预防和治疗有着重要的临床意义。

本研究考察了人类被试在面对适应不良性记忆（如负面反馈，负性情绪记忆，创伤经历）时如何调控这些适应不良性记忆，从而促进适应和保护情绪健康。我们进行了一系列行为和脑电研究，考察了1）负性生活事件概率估计中的乐观偏差，2）在实验室情境下模拟创伤经历后被试的应激反应，和3）对情绪记忆的记忆控制的认知神经机制。我们发现乐观偏差和记忆中的动机性遗忘有着密切关系，被试不仅对负面的反馈表现出更高的遗忘，而且离线的记忆巩固过程可以进一步导致遗忘，从而增加乐观偏差。我们还发现在被试经历了实验室模拟创伤经历，如观看创伤性电影后，睡眠相比于睡眠剥夺可以促进更好的行为适应，表现在更少的记忆闯入，更好的自主性回忆，和更低的情绪激起。我们还利用多变量脑电解码分析详细考察了提取抑制是如何压抑适应不良性的负性情绪记忆，发现在400-600毫秒时自上而下的抑制过程会显著减弱记忆的表征，从而诱发主动遗忘。