高Q微腔型光量子器件的Fano共振调控及其相关现象的研究

Fano phenomenon arises from quantum interference between resonant and non-resonant paths. Because of its steep asymmetric response spectra and greatly enhanced field effect, it has many key applications in nanophotonic devices, such as optical switches, modulators, sensors, and so on. On the other hand, due to the fact that optical microcavities have high quality factor, small mode volume and on-chip integration in the fabrication process, the studies about the microcavity systems have emerged as an important new frontier in many discipline areas, such as quantum optics, quantum information and cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), etc. By both combining the above-mentioned advantages of optical microcavities and applying the theories of quantum optics and nonlinear optics (e.g., quantum coherence and interference effects and parity-time (PT) symmetric concepts) in the present project, we systematically investigate the physical properties and the corresponding generation mechanism of the few-photon Fano resonance effects in the microcavity and microcavity array. Furthermore, we strictly construct the theoretical framework for easy and robust control of Fano resonances. Then, we in detail discuss the applications of these Fano effects in quantum sensing with high sensitivity, ultrafast all-optical switching with low power consumption, optical diode with large nonreciprocal transmission ratio (NTR), and Fano laser with low threshold, etc. At the same time, we also explore the applications of large-scale mirocavity array based on multiple Fano resonances in the research and development of some new-type quantum devices. The obtained results in these studies not only have a certain reference value for the concept, design and fabrication of high-sensitivity nonlinear quantum devices, but also help to promote the cross integration among the micro/nano photonics and other related fields.

Fano现象的产生源于共振过程和非共振过程之间的量子干涉。由于它具有陡的非对称响应谱和场增强效应，因此在微纳光子器件中具有重要应用，如光开关、调制器、传感器等。光学微腔具有高品质因子、小模式体积，且可芯片集成，这种系统的研究已经成为量子光学、量子信息、腔量子电动力学等领域的前沿课题。本项目结合微腔的这些优点，运用量子光学与非线性光学理论（如量子相干与干涉效应、宇称-时间对称结构），旨在研究微腔及其阵列系统中少光子Fano共振效应的物理特性和产生机理，严格构建Fano共振有效调控的理论框架，进而探讨它们在高灵敏度量子传感、低功耗超快光开关、高单向传输率光二极管和低阈值激光器等方面应用的新方案。同时，研究大尺度微腔阵列系统中多重Fano共振在新型量子器件研发方面的应用。这些研究的结果不仅对构想、设计和制作高灵敏度非线性量子器件具有一定的参考价值, 而且有助于促进微纳光子学及相关领域的交叉融合。

研究受限系统（例光学微腔）中量子相干和干涉效应有助于进一步理解量子理论的实质，这一直是科学家们关心的热点之一。法诺现象的产生源于共振过程和非共振过程之间的量子干涉。由于它具有陡的非对称响应谱和场增强效应，因此在微纳光子器件中具有重要应用，如光开关、调制器、传感器等。而光学微腔具有高品质因子、小模式体积，且可芯片集成，这种系统的研究已经成为量子光学、量子信息、非线性光学、腔量子电动力学等领域的前沿课题。.该项目结合微腔的这些优点，运用量子光学理论（如量子相干与干涉效应、宇称-时间对称概念），研究了微腔及其阵列系统中可调谐、增强的法诺共振效应和少光子非线性光学效应（如高阶边带、频梳、光子阻塞或反聚束）的物理特性和机理，进而探讨它们在高灵敏度量子传感、低功耗超快开关、量子精密测量和可调谐单光子源等方面应用的新方案。同时，研究大尺度微腔阵列系统在新型量子器件研发方面的应用。.主要结果是：1) 揭示了光学多稳态下参数可调的法诺共振效应；2) 提出了相位相关的法诺型光力诱导透明的理论新方案；3) 研究了回音壁模式微腔阵列中复合型法诺共振线谱及其相干调控；4) 提出了利用微腔电磁诱导透明高效产生高阶边带及全光调控的理论新方案；5) 发现了芯片型双模微腔-波导中增强的光子反聚束效应；6) 探索了参量放大光子分子器件中的可调谐光子阻塞。.在项目基金的支持下已有相关16篇SCI学术研究论文在国际期刊上发表，具体包括10篇Physical Review A、2篇Journal of Applied Physics、1篇Applied Optics、1篇Scientific Reports以及2篇Laser Physics Letters。这些论文被SCI引用63次，其中他引51次；单篇论文最高SCI引用18次/他引17次。1篇Physical Review A, 98(5), 053801, (2018)论文在APS PRA的官网主页作为亮点进行了宣传和推送；2017年获得湖北省自然科学二等奖（项目负责人为第一完成人）。.这些研究结果一方面可以带来替在的实验意义，为单光子开关、超快光调制、光频梳、可调谐单光子源以及高灵敏度传感器件的研发奠定基础，另一方面能够推动相关学科的交叉融合和发展。