西部典型城市民族宗教社区旅游移民地方融入研究

Ethnicity, religion and immigrant issues must be a key research field for socio-cultural geography in the early 21st century (Kong, 2010). Under the background of globalization,how to make tourism immigrants successfully integrate into a “new place” still need further study both theoretically and practically. This project selected immigration groups from three ethnic and religious communities in the typical cities of western china (Old Town of Lijiang, Hui Community in Xi’an, and Barkhor Street in Lhasa) as research objects, took Cutchin’s analytical framework on problematic situation of place integration and rites of passage theory as point of Cutchin, and comprehensively adopted qualitative and quantitative approaches, diachronic and synchronic methods, as well as perspectives of subject and object to explore the following questions: (1) basic modes and forms of place integration for tourism immigrants; (2) Compositional structure and development path of place integration for tourism immigrants; (3) function and influence of ethnicity and religion attributes on the place integration of tourism immigrants; (4) comprehensive construction of place integration theory of tourism immigrants, and evaluation system and coordinative measures of place integration for tourism immigrants. These research findings hopefully can enrich and broaden Chinese socio-cultural geography study, and offer new ideas to promote national strategy of “One Belt and One Road” and harmonious development of ethnic minority areas.

民族、宗教及移民问题必然是21世纪初社会文化地理学所关注的重点研究领域（Kong，2010），全球化背景下如何使移民成功融入新的”地方”，其学理和实践均有待深入。本项目选择中国西部三大典型城市民族宗教社区（丽江古城、西安回坊和拉萨八廓街）旅游移民为研究对象，以卡特钦（Cutchin）地方融入困境分析框架及过渡仪式三阶段论为研究理论切入点，综合使用质性与量化、历时与共时、主位与客位分析方法，探索如下问题：（1）旅游移民地方融入的基本方式与形式；（2）旅游移民地方融入的组成结构与发展路径；（3）民族与宗教属性对旅游移民地方融入的作用与影响；（4）旅游移民地方融入理论综合建构、旅游移民地方融入评判体系与协调措施。以期研究结论有益于扩展中国社会文化地理学研究丰度与广度，为助推“一带一路”国家战略及民族地区和谐发展等提供新的思路。

结合文化地理学、符号学、社会学、景观学、宗教学等知识，对案例地的旅游劳工移民群体地方融入进行了定性、定量相结合的研究，研究内容包括：（1）辨析了空间与地方、旅游移民与旅游劳工移民、社会融入与地方融入、地方氛围与社会氛围等核心概念。（2）明晰了旅游劳工移民在拉萨八廓街地方环境、经济和文化冲击背景下的地方融入结构、过程与特征；构建了民族与宗教因素、社会关系对旅游劳工移民地方融入的影响模型，编制了民族与宗教、社会关系对地方融入影响的测量量表；开发了旅游移民感知下的地方氛围、社会氛围测量量表。（3）以认同过程理论为框架,在确定“藏漂”自我认同建构过程和阶段的基础上,分析了旅游在其中发挥的异质性作用和特征；危机期——动摇与消解,表现为必然性与偶然性的统一；建构期——支持与塑造,表现为条件性与结果性的统一；再构期——消蚀与唤醒,呈现出破坏性与维持性的统一。（4）明确了丽江古城度假者的慢活实践呈现出无序性和非理性的时间利用过程,建构了慢活时间结构模型。（5）构建了移民群体地方意义的探索性理论模型，并开发移民群体地方意义测量量表。（6）总结了宏观区域旅游秩序发展的基本过程，明确了区域旅游化的基本方式和路径。