食品安全信任危机下信息揭示对企业行为的激励机制研究——基于社会监督与社会惩罚的视角

With the recurrence of food safety incidents, the food industry is experiencing a serious crisis of confidence in consumer. Firms are confronted with more pressure from sales and pricing, making the food safety incidents more likely to happen, which, in turn, aggravates the vicious cycle of distrust. Due to the heavy burden and the limited resources of law enforcement, the current regulation on illegal food safety events cannot bring effective outcomes. A new governance mode is in great need to better regulate the industry. The objectives of the project are (1) to study the present measures of developed countries in coping with the food safety problems and to examine an optimal regulation which is suitable for China. (2) To analyze the optimal incentive mechanism based on information disclosure, social supervision and social punishment, using theoretical framework to investigate the regulation that may improve efficiency. (3) To analyze the reasons and evolution of consumer confidence crisis and to figure out how to rebuild the industry trust by means of information disclosure. (4) To develop empirical research for the industry policy makers based on traceable data and theoretical models. (5) To investigate the nature of market mechanisms that improves the food safety with the theoretical and empirical research and to discuss the industry policy that fits the current industry and regulatory environment and eventually to improve the efficiency of the industry.

目前严峻的食品安全形势引发行业信任危机，使企业在销售和定价上面临更大的压力，更易诱发食品安全事故，导致行业发展陷入恶性循环。鉴于执法负荷的繁重与公共执法资源的稀缺，依赖行政监管难以对食品安全违法行为产生更有效的威慑。食品安全迫切需要创新的治理模式。本项目研究内容包括：（1）研究发达国家现行措施对我国的借鉴意义及在我国的适用性，考察最优规制与产业和制度发展阶段的相互关系；（2）考察以信息揭示为核心的社会监督和社会惩罚对企业行为的激励机制，构建理论分析框架，探讨通过市场机制提高食品安全规制效率的有效途径；（3）研究行业信任危机的形成机理和演化趋势，探索如何运用信息揭示重塑行业信任；（4）依据食品安全可追溯体系的相关数据，对理论分析及产业政策进行实证研究；（5）在理论和实证研究的基础上，研究运用市场机制提高食品安全的内在机理，探寻适应我国发展阶段和制度环境的产业政策，推进产业的健康发展。

目前严峻的食品安全形势引发行业信任危机，使企业在销售和定价上面临更大的压力，更易诱发食品安全事故，导致行业发展陷入恶性循环。在此背景下，本项目立足于我国食品产业的发展现状，运用最前沿的理论分析工具和实证研究方法，构建了一套以信息为基础且适于分析食品安全问题的理论框架，并从最低质量标准、政策性负担以及集体声誉等角度深入考察了以信息揭示为平台的社会监督对激励企业提高食品安全的作用及内在机制，为实现我国食品安全水平的有效提升、推动食品业的长远发展和进一步发挥食品产业在带动就业、改善收入分配、促进地方经济发展方面的巨大优势提供具有实践性的政策建议：第一，确实保障司法独立，减少地方政府对监管执法的干预和扭曲，达到依法治理、严格惩处事故责任企业的目标，有效克服由政策性负担引起的规制俘获。第二，引入垂直监管，增强食品安全监管的独立性，保证食品安全监管严格执行。第三，建立食品安全可追溯体系，增强食品安全监管的准确性。第四，充分利用社会监督的独立性与信息优势。第五，在现行体制下还可以通过将食品安全与消费者利益更多地纳入地方政府绩效考核来改善地方政府监管缺位的状况。