基于“界面效应—胶束介导”中药皂苷的超滤膜修饰机制及分离模式优化研究

Ultrafiltration separation has the advantage of low energy consumption, high efficiency and no pollution. During the separation progress of Saponins solution, we found that it was easy to be absorbed to membrane surface, leading to the occurring of material modified effect and changed the separation performance. The modifying mechanism of Saponin to ultrafiltration membrane still remains unknown now. Previous research has found that Saponin had surface activity. Due to the interface effect guiding into two phases, membrane modifying action occurred between solution and ultrafiltration membrane. Therefore, this program proposed a new study model of interface guided modifying process of Saponin. Neutral and acid Saponins were chosen to do material modification analysis and comprehensive evaluation according to different kinds of ultrafiltration membrane to test the physical and chemical characteristics and variation rules of ultrafiltration membrane (interface composition, Zeta potential, electron microscope scanning) and separation (interception, transmission molecular weight, pore size distribution, porosity). On the basis of Langmuir absorb theory, a mathematical model describing the membrane surface modifying process was set through adjusting the solution environment, components and changing the composition of membrane-surface saponins. The acid and alkali components (phenolic acid, Flavonoids, Alkaloid, ect.) were selected to do a competitive modifying effect analysis to optimize model and set a ultrafiltration separation generality model based on pore screening theory, in order to release potential advantage of ultrafiltration technology and promoting the industry application.

超滤分离具有能耗低、效率高、无污染的优势，在制药领域应用广泛。进行中药皂苷分离时，发现皂苷易吸附于膜表面产生材质修饰效应，导致分离性能发生改变，影响实际应用，但目前皂苷对膜修饰机制尚不明确。前期研究发现，皂苷具有表面活性，因界面效应主导进入溶液与超滤膜两相间，产生了膜修饰行为。基于此本项目提出了界面效应—胶束介导中药皂苷的膜修饰过程研究模式，选择中性、酸性皂苷对不同材质超滤膜进行材质改性分析，检测超滤膜物化性质（界面组成、Zeta电位、电镜扫描）和分离性能（截留/透过分子量、孔径分布、孔隙率）的变化规律，综合评价皂苷修饰效应；基于Langmuir吸附理论，调节溶液环境、成分组成，改变膜面皂苷组成，拟合描述皂苷的膜面修饰过程数学模型，选择中药酸碱类成分（酚酸、黄酮、生物碱等）进行竞争修饰效应分析，优化模型，建立基于孔径筛分理论的中药超滤分离共性模式，从而释放超滤技术潜在优势，提升产业应用。

本课题通过具有表面活性的中药皂苷，因界面效应主导进入溶液与超滤膜两相间，产生了膜修饰并改变分离行为展开研究。建立了以三七总皂苷类成分为代表的中药皂苷类成分的超滤分离规范及膜孔径评价方法；通过明确溶剂组成、离子效应、pH、表面活性剂对中药皂苷分离行为的影响，阐明皂苷存在状态与分离行为的相关性；结合电镜扫描、低场核磁等技术，分析因皂苷修饰带来的酚酸、生物碱、黄酮、挥发油类成分分离行为的变化；基于分子筛分理论，构建了皂苷分离传质数学模型并验证了其适用性。进而针对中药制剂及中间体进行产业推广，解决了甘草酸原料热原污染、脑络泰、H3粉针致敏性物质去除的技术难题，为提升超滤技术在中药行业中应用提供了理论基础和技术支持。