To establish the genetically modified animals, especially such livestock, with the high efficiency, is one of the hottest studies in the field of transgene researches. The combination of protocols between somatic nuclear transfer with gene targeting in gene-transfected cells are widely used in the production of transgenic farm animals. However, the complexities of farm animals in their development patterns and complicated in vivo gene regulations in most of genetically modified animals resulted in low or even little efficiency for the expression of exogenously transferred genes. In recent years, a flocks of transgenic sheep and cattle with fat-1 as the transferred gene were produced in our laboratory, a significant proportion of them showed low or even none expression of transferred gene fat-1. In comparison, the expected levels of transgenes expressions were found in both fat-1 transfected cells and fat-1 transgenic cloned embryos. The mechanism underlying the expressive silences of exogenous genes in transgenic offspring remains to be elucidated. To systematically study the expressions of exogenous genes as well as the entangled regulation network of exo- and endo-genous genes with interactions in transgenic sheep, this present proposal is designed to analyze the gene inserted positions and their adjacent surroundings, to elucidate the epigenetic modifications such as methylations of the exogenous genes, promoters, enhancers, silencers, insulators, and to further elucidate how these elements work with the native gene sequence fragments. The results from proposed studies will be beneficial to understand the farm animal transgenics and improve transgenic efficiency in future.
提高制备转基因家畜成功效率是转基因动物研究的热点。体细胞转基因结合核移植克隆是获得转基因家畜的主要手段。但是,大家畜的特殊生长、发育及其基因调控方式给实现外源基因达到预期表达目标带来许多困难,使获得转基因动物的成功率很低。因此,全面了解外源基因及其表达组件在家畜基因组中的定位、修饰及与相邻基因组区域的相互作用特点,对于改善家畜转基因技术体系,高效获得稳定表达外源基因的转基因家畜具有重要意义。在我们前期制备的携带fat-1基因的部分转基因绵羊中,发生了外源基因表达沉默。而在其来源的体细胞和胚胎中,外源基因具有预期表达。本研究以多不饱和脂肪酸去饱和酶基因(fat-1)转基因绵羊为研究模型,对不同启动子来源的转基因个体进行系统分析,探讨随机插入位点的特征、旁侧序列以及外源基因调控元件的表观遗传学变化,从而阐明外源基因表达修饰的机理,为提高家畜转基因效率提高家畜转基因效率提供理论基础。
通过体细胞核移植技术生产出转基因动物是改变遗传性状较快的一种方式。但是转基因动物常存在外源基因的沉默或者表达量低的问题,有研究认为外源基因的沉默或者低表达与启动子类型和甲基化程度相关,因此,研究引起外源基因沉默的机理尤为重要。本研究利用不同启动子构建载体,通过体细胞核移植生产转fat-1基因绵羊。重点对以CAG启动子生产转fat-1基因绵羊的脂肪酸代谢途径、脂肪酸含量、启动子甲基化程度和基因的表达相关性以及引起启动子甲基化的因素加以研究,为提高转基因动物中外源基因的表达量提供理论依据。以表达载体pCAG-fat-1-IREs-EGFP和pCMV-fat-1-IREs-EGFP转染绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞获得了单克隆细胞系,通过体细胞核移植获得转基因绵羊6只,研究发现:fat-1基因在转基因羊肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、心脏、脑、睾丸、臀肌、腿肌和背长肌9种组织中表达量有差异,随着个体发育,肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、臀肌、腿肌、背长肌的表达量增高,差异特别显著,心脏和睾丸中表达量没有显著变化;构建了胎儿EGFP阳性和阴性细胞的CAG启动子结构区域和DNA甲基化状态的模式图,确定出甲基化调控区域(88-116nt)、高甲基化区域(516-720nt)、甲基化差异区域(721-1346nt)与不规则甲基化区域(1347-1581nt)等功能区域。甲基化差异区域决定着基因的启动,甲基化调控区域调控基因的表达量;证明了甲基转移酶Dnmt1是维持转基因羊EGFP阴性细胞中启动子高甲基化的主要因素,EGFP阴性细胞和阳性细胞属于不同的细胞类型;当单独利用5-氮杂胞苷或者TSA均不能使fat-1基因表达量显著增高;联合使用时,fat-1基因在阴性细胞和阳性细胞表达量显著增高,且阴性细胞增高幅度大于阳性细胞;fat-1基因能够降低绵羊n-6PUFAs的含量,增加n-3PUFAs的含量,使n-3/n-6的比值增加,且fat-1基因表达量与n-3/n-6的比值正相关。转基因绵羊组织中,C16:0、C18:0、C18:1n-9c、C20:2、C20:3n-3、C20:4n-6、C20:5n-3与C22:6n-3含量的变化,是引起脂肪酸组成变化的主要因素。本研究阐明了外源基因和底物的相关性以及起外源基因沉默的主要原因,其对引起外源基因沉默的机理的研究具有重要意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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