专利保险市场化交易模式及优化研究

Patent insurance, has being formed the profitable market in the developed countries, can not only effectively degrade the high risk of technology patents and patent industrialization, but also promote technological innovation. The risks mentioned above is one of the critical bottlenecks restricting corporate innovation initiative. China carries out patent insurance pilot in eight cities, including Beijing, Zhenjiang etc. in February 2012.While the defects of this operational mechanism and terms inevitably exists and needs to be improved. Furthermore, the basis of domestic patent insurance market is weak, and its' study is also seriously lagging behind. We compare the market of patent insurance with one of tangible property insurance, and contrast the markets of patent insurance of the developed countries, and the market of the different types of patent insurance, to probe the differences and particularities of patent insurance. Then this study tries to explore the reasons and potential crises of lagging behind; Combining with empirical research and case studies, we study the world famous intellectual property insurance companies and the domestic pilot cities of patent insurance, and use the game theory, to optimize the trading patterns and mechanisms of patent insurance market; Building the model of tender offer, and we pull into open tender system before accepting insurance, and canvass insurance business, in order to avoid distorting market prices of the patent insurance; Then basing on the sealed cost of tender of underwriting, the study analyzes the insured's the optimization strategies of coving the tender by winning probability function and offer function, and finally, to promote popularize the market of patent insurance.

专利保险可有效降解技术专利化与专利产业化的高风险，促进技术创新，在发达国家已实现盈利，上述风险是制约企业创新主动性的关键瓶颈之一。今年2月北京、镇江等八城市开展专利保险试点，其运行机制与条款存在商榷之处，而且，国内专利保险市场化的基础薄弱，其研究严重滞后。本项目通过比较分析专利保险与有形财产险的市场化差异与特殊性、发达国家专利保险市场化、以及不同类型专利保险市场化的差异性需求，针对我国专利保险市场化滞后原因以及潜在危机，结合国际著名的知识产权保险公司与国内专利保险试点城市实证调查与个案分析，建立博弈论模型，优化设计我国专利保险市场化的交易模式与交易机制；构建投标报价模型，引入承保前公开招标制，招揽承保业务，使得专利保险外部性的内部化，避免市场价格扭曲；基于一级密封承保费用的招标方式，采用中标概率函数和报价函数分析专利保险投保承保招标中被保险人的优化策略，促进推广专利保险市场化。

随着经济全球化的迅速发展，专利价值愈发彰显，专利风险随之日益加剧，这无形中亟需新型商业模式“专利保险”的纵深发展，以防范与分散潜在的专利风险,促进专利价值的保值与增值。研究表明，专利保险的发展需要依托许专利交易拓展等方可实现其顺利发展，而后者目前发展受到局限。因此，本项目已经取得的研究主要如下。. 其一，专利交易是指将专利以有偿方式在不同经济主体间转移，其表现为交易主体与客体、高难度与高风险及浓厚的政策倾向性等显著特殊性。针对不同的专利交易模式，分别于初级阶段、成长阶段与成熟阶段，相应实现专利使用、专利经营与专利资本化三种优化组合模式。而我国当前专利交易运营模式的关键因素决定选择复合式交易模式成为历史必然。. 其二，准公益性专利交易是指兼顾营利性与公益性等双重效果的专利交易行为。较公益性与营利性这两种专利交易方式，准公益性专利交易在其宗旨、资金来源、机构性质、收费方式、评价方式及其评价指标与协调难易程度等方面具有特殊之处。准公益性专利交易兼具优势与劣势，本研究以交易费用理论与利益平衡理论为创设准公益性专利交易机制的制度基础，构建线性无中间环节的市场流通模式。. 其三，专利保险，系属商业保险范畴，根据保险人与被保险人双方合同约定，将专利作为保险标的，投保人向保险人交付保险费，保险人对所承保的专利发生合同约定情形时承担赔偿责任的保险方式。与其他保险产品相比，专利保险在保险标的、承保范围、业务开展前提、保险程序及时空限制等方面具有独特性，不同类型的专利保险也各有特色。然而，任何制度都难免隐含着自身的缺陷，专利保险同样也是优缺点兼备，深刻地认识到专利保险的特殊性以及优缺点，是高效地开展该业务的重要前提与保证。. 美国、日本、英国、瑞士、欧盟等发达国家或地区的专利保险机制各有特色，然而，由于专利保险机制的消极作用亟需克服，同时面临着发展瓶颈，甚至存在被滥用的格局，至少需要国家专利战略保障、专利防御联盟战略、专利诉讼互助保险战略等三大战略管理措施积极应对不良情势。.发达国家或地区专利保险的经验值得引以为鉴，我国开展该险种已证实具有可行性与必要性，随着专利保险市场多元组织体系日益健全，我国不妨首先拟设自愿性的专利申请保险与专利侵权责任保险，尽量采取低廉保费的政策，在前期阶段采取公共资金资助或税收优惠政策，逐步扩大试点工作范。