黑河流域生态水文响应单元参数化方案研究

The representation and parameterization schemes of spatial structure for a given watershed at mesoscale have increasingly become one of hot spots and difficult issues on distributed ecohydrological models.In this study,the parameterization schemes on Eco-Hydrological Response Units(EcoHRUs),Which aim at the coupling between given ecological processes and hydrological processes occurred at given scale and the transition between different eco-hydro processes at different spatial scales, will be developed on the basis of the process-understanding and/or empirical evidence from plenty of literatures corresponding to this research fields and/or HeiHe River basin in the context of corresponding theories（e.g. hydrology, ecology, intergrated geography and geographical information science）. By using multiple research methods consisting of spatial analysis, scale diagnosis, grading and classification, this study will devote to (1)constructing multiscale classification schemes and identifying corresponding parameters by intergrading climate，land cover，soil，geological formation and geomorphical systems in the region; (2)building parameterization schemes by appling the techniques of multiscale parameter regionalization developed by Kumar and the objective optimization illustrated by XiaoFang Rui;(3) creating the EcoHRUs based on SWAT model; and finally (4) developing a concrete implementation scheme for coupling eco-hydrological processes at given scale and transition between multiple spatial scales，and then providing the key techniques for the innovative ecohydrological coupling model in Heihe River Basin.

空间结构表达与参数化是进行大面积复杂流域分布式生态水文模型研究的热点与难点。生态水文响应单元参数化方案针对生态-水文过程耦合与尺度转换这一科学问题，以水文学、生态学、综合地理学和地理信息科学为理论，以领域知识及黑河已有成果对流域生态水文过程的理解与经验总结为素材，运用分类分级分区、空间分析、尺度诊断等方法:（1）综合黑河流域多尺度气候-植被-土壤-地质-地形地貌分类系统，形成多尺度分类分级方案与指标体系；（2）利用进行适宜性分析后的多尺度参数分区技术（Kumar, et al. 2010）与“客观优选法”（芮孝芳，2013）进行参数化方案构建；（3）基于SWAT模型框架进行生态水文响应单元模型构建；（4）形成以分类系统为框架的适用于黑河流域多尺度生态-水文过程耦合与尺度转换的具体方案。从而为创新的黑河流域生态水文耦合模型提供关键技术与核心部件。

项目的背景：生态水文响应单元参数化方案研究针对流域尺度生态水文分布式建模的两个关键前沿与难题：复杂流域空间结构异质性刻画及描述多耦合过程的参数辨识。..主要研究内容：构建基于地域分异规律的多尺度、考虑关键过程的分类系统，探讨“自上而下”的分类指标体系的构建，指标的空间定量化，定量指标类型判别的阈值分析；分析现有基本单元数据结构，进行EcoHRU系统的调整，构建EcoHRU数据模型与参数化方案，并进行验证及评价。..重要结果：构建了黑河流域生态水文分类系统；构建了EcoHRU数据模型与关键参数集；在国内外核心期刊上发表论文13篇（其中SCI 收录4 篇）。..关键数据及其科学意义：针对流域植被-地貌-水文要素的多样性与复杂性，提供大尺度（>10万平方公里）流域生态-水文过程系统梳理与整合的途径与方法；提出多尺度生态水文响应单元数据模型与参数化方案，为创新的流域生态-水文耦合模型提供最核心的部件。