河北省野生食药用真菌资源调查和侧耳属、木层孔菌属系统发育研究

Edible mushrooms are very important groups of fungi with momentous edible and medicinal value. The industry of Edible mushrooms takes heavy responsibility to guarantee food security, promote the farmers' income and national health. Edible mushrooms are abundant in our country, more than 900 species have been discovered; however, edible mushrooms in Hebei province are currently reported only in a small part of areas, most areas have not been investigated. Species of Pleurotus and Phellinus are important edible and medicinal mushrooms in Hebei province. In the past, the research of these two genera in Hebei province were merely based on morphological characters, and there may be some problems such as inaccurate identification, which needs to be deeply investigated and studied by molecular phylogeny. The project intends to carry out extensive resource investigation, specimen collection and isolation of wild edible and medicinal mushrooms in Hebei province to make the diversity, their hosts and geographical distributions clear, and to study the phylogeny of Pleurotus and Phellinus to figure out the phylogenetic relationship of species in each genus in Hebei province. The findings will lay the foundation for domesticating and screening the excellent cultivars，and protecting the germplasm resources of wild edible and medicinal mushrooms in Hebei province.

食用菌是大型真菌的重要类群，具有重要的食用和药用价值。食用菌产业承载着保障食物安全、促进农民增收和国民健康的国家重任。我国食用菌资源丰富，已发现900多种，而河北省的食用菌资源目前鲜有调查，大部分地区未见报道。侧耳属（Pleurotus）和木层孔菌属（Phellinus）真菌类群是河北省重要的食用真菌和药用真菌，以往河北省的学者对这两个属真菌的研究和报道仅限于形态鉴定方面，可能存在鉴定不准确等问题，需要结合分子系统学手段进一步进行深入的调查和研究予以验证。本项目拟对河北省野生食药用真菌资源进行广泛的资源调查、标本采集和菌种分离保藏，明确河北省食药用真菌种类的多样性及其寄主和地理分布；并对侧耳属和木层孔菌属进行系统发育研究，搞清河北省侧耳属和木层孔菌属属内种间的亲缘关系。研究结果将为河北省野生食药用真菌的驯化、筛选优良栽培品种和种质资源的保护利用奠定基础。

食用菌具有重要食用和药用价值，在真菌中占据重要地位。本项目对河北省不同地区、不同森林类型的野生食药用真菌资源进行了标本采集与菌种分离和保藏，采用形态学和分子生物学相结合的方法，按照现代分类观点，对采集的食药用真菌标本和菌种进行了鉴定，共采集野生大型真菌233种，其中具有食药用价值的有124种，毒蘑菇3种，食药用价值未知的106种；成功分离、纯化并保存了63株（隶属于13个种）野生的食药用真菌菌种；发现新种1个，新纪录种1个，待描述新种4个及未定种标本140余份；测定了干标本和菌种的分子序列，共获得DNA条码约3500条。采用ITS序列分析方法，运用PAUP、MrBayes和RAxML软件，构建了侧耳属Pleurotus和木层孔菌属Phellinus的系统发育树。项目发表研究论文6篇（SCI论文3篇，核心期刊论文3篇），均为第1标注。通过本项目的研究初步明确了河北省食药用真菌种类的多样性和地理分布，建立了河北省的区域性食药用真菌资源标本库、菌种库和DNA条码库，基本搞清了河北省侧耳属和木层孔菌属属内种间的亲缘关系，为河北省食药用真菌资源的保护和可持续利用提供了基本资料和科学依据。