Synaptic vesicles are transported along the microtubule from neuronal cell body to axonal terminal where they assembly for presynaptic differentiation. The integrity of axonal transport complex is critical for the accumulation of enough synaptic vesicles in the synapse. How to regulate the integrity of transport complex remains unclear. Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the synapse between motoneuron and skeleton muscle. Using NMJ as a vertebrate synapse in vivo, recently we found that ablation of Wnt Ligand Secretion Mediator (WLS) in the mouse motoneuron, JNK signal was inhibited; synaptic vesicles aberrantly deposited in the axon, with a reduction of presynaptic vesicle number, which caused defects in synaptic neurotransmission and synapse elimination. These results suggest that, WLS-mediated Wnt secretion from motorneuron, through JNK-dependent Wnt non-cantonal pathway, maintains the kinesin-cargo complex during synaptic vesicle axonal transport. To further clarify the underlying mechanisms, with a combination of strategies with molecular biology, cell biology, morphology, and physiology, we would use conditional knockout mouse to study the roles of WLS in the presynaptic differentiation, and the mechanisms of JNK-dependent Wnt pathway regulating the kinesin-cargo complex. Our research would clarify the regulatory mechanisms in axonal transport and NMJ presynaptic development. It would also help to understand pathological mechanisms of neuromuscular disorders caused by abnormal axonal transports.
神经元突触小泡从胞体沿轴突通过运输复合物转运到突触前膜进行组装。维持运输复合物的稳定,是突触小泡顺利运输的关键。调控运输复合物稳定性的胞内外信号机制,目前还不是很清楚。神经肌肉接头(NMJ)是运动神经元与骨骼肌之间的突触,以小鼠NMJ为脊椎动物体内突触模型,我们发现:在运动神经元中敲除Wnt分泌调控分子WLS后,突触小泡在轴突中异常聚集,NMJ前膜的突触小泡减少,神经传递发生障碍。这些结果提示:WLS介导运动神经元的Wnt分泌,能够调控突触小泡轴突运输,促进NMJ突触前膜发育。为进一步揭示WLS作用机制,我们将利用基因敲除小鼠,结合分子生物学,细胞生物学,形态和生理学手段,明确WLS在突触前膜发育中的作用,阐明其介导Wnt分泌,通过JNK依赖的Wnt非经典信号维持运输复合物完整的机制。本课题将有助于理解轴突运输和NMJ前膜发育的机理,为治疗轴突运输障碍引起的神经肌肉疾病提供新的思路。
运动神经元通过神经肌肉接头控制骨骼肌的运动,运动神经元突触小泡释放乙酰胆碱,结合到骨骼肌上的乙酰胆碱受体,从而引起肌肉收缩。目前对神经肌肉突触前的体内机制,了解的并不是很多。 我们发现运动神经元的Wnt运输蛋白Wls通过调节Wnt 分泌调节突触前膜突出小跑的聚集。我们通过行为学,电生理,组织化学,细胞生物学,分子生物学等手段,发现运动神经元的Wls 基因缺失,会造成基因敲除小鼠的肌无力。电生理发现神经递质呈现障碍,NMJ 呈现突触折叠减少,AChR 簇破碎。另外,运动神经元的神经末梢出现退化性膨大,突触小泡数量变少,轴突局部出现异常聚集。其中突触前缺陷出现早于突触后缺陷。这些表型只在运动神经元敲除小鼠中才发现,但是在肌肉敲除或雪旺细胞中的Wls条件型敲除小鼠中并没有类似现象,表明Wnt分泌的特异性。我们最终确定了Wnt7A 是运动神经元中大量表达,并且受Wls分泌调节, 外源性Wnt7A重组蛋白能够有效挽救基因敲除小鼠的突触前表型,表明Wn47A是主要的Wnts 效应分子。通过该研究,有助于我们了解神经肌肉突触小泡轴突运输的调节机制,深入了解突触前后膜分化成熟互为调节的基原理,不仅对深入理解中枢神经系统的神经突触有重要帮助,也为NMJ 障碍导致的神经肌肉疾病提供潜在的药物靶点。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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