腐植酸水溶肥料对马铃薯抗旱增产机制研究

China is the largest country of the potato planting area in the world, but per unit area yield is lower than the world average level by 11%。Drought is one of main factors of reducing potato per unit area yield. Humic acid fertilizers have obvious drought resisting and effect of increasing yield .So improving drought-resistant and increasing yield are urgent for potato production. By combining different research methods including water stressed pot experiment, experiment by imulating the rainfall in arid,semiarid and sub-humid areas under rain-proof shelter condition and field experiment by monitoring precipitation，to study the effect of humic acid soluble fertilizers on potato photosynthesis characteristics in leaves, protective enzymes in leaves,membrane system in leaves,osmotic regulation substances and endogenous hormone in the root,stem and leaf. The study will clearly defined the key physiological index for improving drought-resistant and increaseing yield, and proclaim their physiological response mechanism. The study will also difine the endogenous hormone variation differences and the relationship between other physiological indexes and yield,the results will give theoretical basis for exogenous regulating drought-resistant and increaseing yield. The study will proclaim the effect of humic acid soluble fertilizers on the physiological regulation mechanism in potato under different water levels, and offer theoretical foundation for potato drought resistant and high yield cultivation in different precipitation ecoregions.

我国是世界上马铃薯种植面积最大的国家，但单产较世界平均水平低11%，干旱是造成马铃薯单产低的主要因素之一，抗旱增产成为我国马铃薯生产亟待研究的课题。腐植酸肥料具有明显的抗旱增产效果。本项目采用盆栽水分胁迫试验、防雨棚模拟干旱、半干旱、半湿润地区降雨量试验及自然降雨大田试验相结合方法，研究喷施腐植酸水溶肥料对马铃薯叶片光合特性、保护酶系统、质膜体系、渗透调节物质、根茎叶内源激素等指标的影响，明确腐植酸水溶肥料提高马铃薯抗旱性和产量的关键生理指标，揭示腐植酸水溶肥料对马铃薯抗旱增产生理响应机制；明确腐植酸水溶肥料对马铃薯内源激素时空变化差异以及与其他生理指标和产量之间关系，为外源激素调控马铃薯抗旱增产奠定理论基础；明确不同水分条件下腐植酸水溶肥料对马铃薯的生理调控机制，为不同降水量地区马铃薯抗旱增产栽培提供理论依据。

本项目以提高马铃薯的抗旱性为目标，通过研究在不同水分条件下喷施腐殖酸对盆栽、防雨棚及大田条件下马铃薯生长发育的影响，及对马铃薯叶片光合特性、保护性酶系统、质膜体系、渗透调节物质、内源激素的时空变化与产量品质等方面的影响，以明确腐植酸对马铃薯的抗旱增产机制，为今后应用殖酸提高旱作区马铃薯抗旱性和增产增收提供理论依据与技术支持。主要研究结果如下；.（1）喷施腐殖酸后，马铃薯株高较对照提高了4.3%-30.2%，茎粗提高了10.48%-26.5%，地上部分干物质积累量提高了7.9%-36.6%，根系长度、根系鲜重、根系干重分别较对照提高了较对照提高了2.3%-21.4%、6.0%-90.1%和9.8%-44.6%，块茎产量增加了2.7%-46.0%，马铃薯的农艺性状和产量形成得到了显著提高；.（2）喷施腐殖酸后，马铃薯叶面积指数、叶绿素SPAD值、净光合速率分别较对照提高了10.0%-26.7%、6.0%-32.6%、1.4%-35.1%，叶片丙二醛含量、电导率较对照降低了0.9%-30.3%和3.42%-25.3%，Pro、SOD、POD较对照提高了4.16%-52.7%、8.8%-34.1%和4.7%-55.2%，根系活力较对照提高了4.2%-36.6%；.（3）腐殖酸对马铃薯器官的激素具有调节作用。喷施腐殖酸后，叶片赤霉素含量较对照提高了10.2%-27.7%，生长素提高了6.8%-26.9%，脱落酸降低了9.6%-30.1%，细胞分裂素提高了12.1%-24.5%；.（4）喷施腐殖酸显著改善了马铃薯的品质。块茎中的抗氧化物质增幅最高达31.88%，氯原酸含量增幅为4.3%-41.28%，淀粉含量增幅为26.4%-49.2%，还原糖降幅为14.2%-35.0%；本项目从生长发育和生理层面揭示了腐殖酸对马铃薯的抗旱增产机制，研究结果对利用腐殖酸提高旱作区马铃薯产量与改善品质具有较大的应用价值。