生草影响陇南油橄榄抗旱增产生理机制研究

Bailong river valley of Longnan city in Gansu province is one of the main suitable regions for olive production in China, and the olive oil yield of Longnan has far surpassed 70% of that in whole China, however, owing to the deficiency of irrigation and annual rainfall, drought becomes one of the most important factors which restricts olive production. Sod-culture (intercropping pasture and self-sown grass) is a yield improving agronomic practice, the proper use of it should benefit the drought resistance and yield increasing. However, studies about the application of sod-culture in olive orchard, particularly the study of the influences on the olive root development, drought resisitance and yield inprovement have lagged far behind. So the project would study the influences of sod-culture on the olive rhizosphere microenvironment, root development, drought resistance and olive fruit yield, to reveal the effects and their mechanism of sod-culture on the olive production under drought stress, to develop proper methods of sod-culture, and provide the theoretical and practical support for the olive production under drought stress.

甘肃陇南白龙江低山河谷地带是我国油橄榄主要适生区之一，其橄榄油产量占我国总产量的七成以上，但由于灌溉条件缺乏与年降水量不足，干旱成为制约当地油橄榄生产的重要环境因素。生草（间作牧草和自然生草）是果园增肥增产的栽培措施，合理利用可能有利于油橄榄的抗旱增产，然而生草在我国油橄榄园的应用研究，特别是生草在油橄榄根系发育、抗性生理及其增产效应方面的研究明显滞后。本项目拟通过研究不同生草措施对陇南油橄榄根际微环境、根系发育、抗性生理及油橄榄产量的影响，选择适宜的生草及松土方法，揭示生草影响油橄榄抗旱增产的生理作用，为陇南油橄榄抗旱生产提供理论和技术支持。

甘肃省陇南市白龙江低山河谷地带是我国油橄榄主要适生区之一，其种植面积和橄榄油产量均占我国总产量的七成以上，但由于灌溉条件缺乏与年降水量不足，干旱成为制约当地油橄榄生产的重要环境因素。生草（间作牧草和自然生草）是果园增肥增产的栽培措施，合理利用有利于油橄榄的抗旱增产，然而生草在我国油橄榄园的应用研究显著不足。本项目通过研究不同生草措施对陇南油橄榄根际微环境、根系发育、抗性生理、成花生理及油橄榄产量的影响，主要形成了以下研究结果：间作牧草和自然生草可以改善油橄榄根际土壤理化性质，增加土壤肥力，促进油橄榄菌根发育，增加土壤真菌多样性，促进油橄榄根系发育，提高油橄榄叶片的光合能力、促进油橄榄结果和果实发育，提高果实产量和果实品质，根据实验结果，形成了“陇南油橄榄抗旱增产生草技术规程”。项目研究成果可为油橄榄生产的健康、可持续发展提供详实的研究数据和技术支持，服务于我国油橄榄产业发展。